The Role of Health Care Systems and Industrial System Engineering in Improvement of Health

Introduction Health Definition Though classical definition of health embraces all dimensions and aspects, there are still needs significant amendments with regard to newly emerged circumstances and contexts.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Role of Health Care Systems and Industrial System Engineering in Improvement of Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hence, the World Health Organization defining health â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely absence of disease of infirmity† cannot be regarded as an objective evaluation of the entire meanings and concerns of today’s situation (The World Health Organization, as cited in Saracci 1409). At the conceptual level, the definition encounters the most serious challenges, which impair its leading role as far as the conflict between resources and health needs are concerned. To be more specific, the current de finition of health can be confused with the state of happiness. According to Saracci, â€Å"the distinction between health and happiness is crucially relevant in terms of rights, in particular â€Å"positive† rights or entitlements requiring societal actions to ensure that they effectively and fully materialize† (1409). To remove the existing ambivalence, the definition should describe health as a state of well being free of infirmity and disease and a universal human right. Perspectives for Creating an Ideal Health Care Delivery System In order to promote effective health reform and improve the situation with health in a global context, a global perspective on Health Care System should be associated with the introduction of a patient-oriented and innovated system. Hence, delivery of health should be personalized (Valdez et al. 3). Open access and transparency, therefore, enable people to make importance decisions about their health, while focusing more in health promo tion and disease prevention. In this respect, the introduction of industrial systems and engineering in the sphere of health care management will contribute to creating a optimized system of health care. Health Care System: Examining the Main Problems within a Global Context Definition Health care system is a complex network of organizations and agencies whose activities are directed at providing health care to people. Promoting health and introducing disease prevention measures are among the main goals of medical care. In a global context, health issues and problems around the world are monitored by the World Health Organization (Shah n. p.). The agency also controls almost all health care networks in different countries by looking at political, cultural, and national discrepancies. In particular, rights and freedoms related to health, unequal access to health problems, and education and gender issues are analyzed and controlled by the World Health Organization.Advertising Loo king for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Physical Fitness and Public Health System Public healthcare system has a potent impact on people’s willingness to engage in physical activities. In this respect, the major goal of public health institution is to provide a persuasive conception of physical fitness for people to be involved into improving their physical and mental health. Therefore, improving health advocacy should become a priority to public activists who should make the population take part in physical activity (Bendtsen 35). In reality, despite the firmly fixed concept, large segments of the world population are not enough active, which increase a high attributable risk for acute disorders. Therefore, the urgent need for a more consistent health-promoting concept is enormous. Working out relevant policies and programs can both economically and socially advance the welfare of the population and remove the need to introduce serious medical interventions (Bendtsen et al. 35). The conception is especially relevant for the developing economies, as well as for the countries where the obesity level exceeds the fixed norms. According to Bendtsen et al., both public health system and the population should be equally willing introduce change into a healthy lifestyle and promote effective physical fitness concepts (36). As a result, the population â€Å"feel great responsibility for their own physical activity levels, but also attribute responsibility for promoting increased physical activity to health care practitioners† (Bendtsen et al. 34). In this respect, a holistic approach should be used to bring in physical activities into a health public sector that, in its turn, can promote this tendency to people. Outlining Problems and Main Barriers for Introducing Improvements to Health Care System Because of unequal access to health care systems, as well as irrational alloc ation of resources, a global system of health care delivery encounters a number of problems. To begin with, health rights of individuals with regard to social, economic, and political aspects differ. Poverty and inequality is the results of the violation of the rights to health (Shah n. p). The shortcomings of the problems relate to inconsistencies in terms of domestic legislations, observance of international declarations and absence of effective prevention and control of diseases. Access to the most essential medical services is also limited in developing countries.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Role of Health Care Systems and Industrial System Engineering in Improvement of Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Absence of transparency and equal access is also explained by inefficient information flow and innovative introduction to the sphere of health care. One of the main obstacles to achieving shift s in health care provision is associated with â€Å"structural and cultural traditions in the health care delivery system emphasizing only subsystem improvement and short-term outcomes and rewards† (Valdez et al. 2). Lack of knowledge and experience in handling IT information also hampers the process of improvement and promotion. Along with the problem of unequal access and lack of innovative knowledge, effective management of human resources is another serious obstacle. At this point, human resources management significantly influences the situation in health care system because it identifies major financial circulations (Kabene et al. 3). It is also the main physical capital of health care institutions and, therefore, managers should pay closer attention to training programs for the employees. The effectiveness of work carried out by health care personnel correlates with the benefits and performance the system delivers. In this respect, skills, knowledge, experience, and mo tivations of the individuals are the core pillars of successful management. In case there is a misbalance between physical and human resources, the health care organizations can face a serious problem while maintaining appropriate quality standards. Kabene et al. support the idea that â€Å"HRM practices must be developed in order to find the appropriate balance of workforce supply and the ability of those practitioners to practice effectively and efficiently† (2). As a result, lack of adequate tools, such as those provided by ISE, and absence of experienced staff are contributing factors to recession in health care industry. Facilitators to Achieving Success by introducing Industrial System Engineering to Health Care System Main Facilitators As it has been mentioned before, knowledge innovation faces significant barriers because of a conservative outlook on health care structure. In this respect, increasing awareness of the health care management, as well as recognizing the potential of the Industrial System Engineering can provide new perspectives for development and improvement. In addition, progress in acknowledgement of ISE tools and use of IT equipment can establish a favorable climate for introducing a health care reform (Valdez et al. 4). While introducing ISE tools to health care, the major challenges have been faced. In particular, difficulty in re-formulating an obsolete way of thinking and lack of transparency can be eliminated if consistent measures are taken. Specifically, the ISE solutions will be divided into three steps. The first one involves stimulating innovations with the help of ISE tools that will be combined with a sophisticated nature of medical care (Valdez et al. 6). The next step will focus on accelerating knowledge transfer to solve existing health care problems. Finally, integrating meta-knowledge to promote sustainability and capacity is also an important solution to the problem.Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Action Plan for Introducing ISE Knowledge to Health Care Delivery Before introducing the identified solutions to the health care system, it is necessary to define the areas where the interventions should take place. These areas involve human resource management, capacity structure, current state of technologies, existing knowledge about IT systems, and influence of research practices on information flow (Valdez et al. 15). All these dimensions can be effectively improved through collaboration, training, financing, distribution, and administration. First, the introduction of ISE can contribute to increasing the number of stakeholders involved in improving health care system and promoting negotiations through reforms and projects. The development of partnerships among organizations and industries is also guaranteed. Second, enhancing personnel experience through training will foster the processional development and create a base for career fellowships. Third, innovative technologies c an attract investments and encourage communities to support different IT projects (Valdez et al. 15). Forth, distribution process and facilitate networking and publication of a new research articles, as well as support demonstration project in different health care organizations. Finally, introducing ISE tools is beneficial for effective administration and control of information flow and human resources. Judging from the above presented solutions, effective management of ISE tools within health care system can also advance the quality standards of medical services. Because information flow is one of the most important conditions for successful patient treatment, health care organizations should strive to turn their institutions into state-of-the-art technological centers (Valdez et al. 17). What is more important, presenting innovative ISE methods, health care organizations should introduce a patient-centered approach to treating clients and ensuring high quality and safety of healt h care delivery. Judging from the above-presented concepts and solutions, an ideal health care system will be seen an integrated network with improved linkages and multiple channels for access. In addition, medical services will be delivered to a multi-cultural population irrespective of social, political, and economical conditions. Finally, health care system should be ubiquitous, flexible, and responsible (Valdez et al. 17). Industrial System Engineering and Health Care: Analyzing the Outcomes Apart from promotion health programs, introducing industrial system engineering research into public health system is also crucial for analyzing academic demands and creating effective models for solving problems. Specifically, the industrial engineering can advance the principles of quality improvement and facilitate the studies about innovative support systems (Industrial Systems Engineering n. p.). More importantly, developing computer system to teach people on the methods to eliminate t he risks of incidents is also important. Finally, a matter of patient safety and analysis of practice patters is also necessary for better health care management (Industrial Systems Engineering n. p.). Overall, physical health activities increase people’s awareness of the responsibility they take for their moral and physical health. For instance, programs oriented on smoking cessation, exercise referral schemes, and weight management programs are recognized as highly important. Introducing such programs should result in a significant increase in quality of life, as well as greater people’s involvement in organizing their independent life. Conclusion Health is a multi-faceted notion embracing a variety of concepts and contexts. Public health system, therefore, should take effort to re-organize the health industry and introduce new concepts of physical fitness through the introduction of ISE technologies. Moreover, health care system should also reconsider the role of s port in life of people and provide new programs for patients. At this point, it is possible to work out effective medical intervention along with a set of physical exercises. In particular, introducing effective IT tools can significantly enhance the quality of care and provide high perspective for further development. More importantly, innovated health care centers are more likely to attract investors and non-profit organizations. Works Cited Bendtsen, Preben et al. â€Å"Is There A Demand For Physical Activity Interventions Provided By The Health Care Sector? Findings From A Population Survey.† BMC Public Health 10 (2010): 34-41. Print. Industrial Systems Engineering. Health Systems.2011. Web. https://www.engr.wisc.edu/ Kabene, Stefane, Orchard Carole, Howard John, Soriano Mark, and Raymond Leduc. The Importance of Human Resources Management in Health Care: A Global Context. Human Resources for Health. 4.20 (2006): 1-17. Print. Saracci, Rodolfo. â€Å"The World Health Org anisation Needs To Reconsider Its Definition Of Health.† BMJ: British Medical Journal (International Edition) 314.7091 (1997): 1409-1410. Print. Shah, Anup. â€Å"Health Care Around the World†. Global Issues. 2011. Web. http://www.globalissues.org/article/774/health-care-around-the-world Valdez, Rupa Sheth, Edmond, Ramly, and Patricia Flatley Brennan. Industrial and Systems Engineering and Health Care: Critical Areas of Research. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2010: 1-87. Print. This report on The Role of Health Care Systems and Industrial System Engineering in Improvement of Health was written and submitted by user Elian Berg to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Nietzsche

In Nietzsche’s philosophy he made no room for God, let alone religion itself. Nietzsche saw religion, especially Christianity, as a weakness. A Burden put on man to cloud the mind with thoughts of another world in order to justify their meager existence in this one. When used as a tool of education or cultivation, religion could be useful just as politics or economics (Cowan72). The problem arises when religions do not want to be used as a tool for education, â€Å"but insist on having their own sovereign way†. They believe that they are not the means to any kind of end, but rather the end itself. Religion can be an intellectual journey, but it cannot be allowed to become the destination to which we are all struggling to arrive. (Cowan 74). This can only serve to downplay the role of man in the universe, a role that is already dangerously insignificant. In the eyes of Nietzsche Christianity has many sacrifices, these sacrifices are made for someone or something th at only exists in the man- written accounts of the Bible. Nietzsche saw Christianity as an endless cycle of sacrifice. Not by any means sacrifice for the better good, nor for any kind of enlightenment, but rather sacrifice for the pure sake of sacrifice. What good could possibly come of this? I believe he would be quick to answer the question. With the exception of a somewhat Hobbesean premise of being â€Å"one more means for overcoming resistances, for the ability to rule† (Cowan 72) and giving â€Å"some of the ruled the instruction and opportunity to prepare themselves for future ruling and obeying† (Cowan 73), no good can come of this. Nietzsche makes his dislike for Christianity quite evident, and I believe rightly so, for it serves as a lifelong scapegoat for the man who knows worldly failure. This same man who may fail to hold on to employment in the temporal world, for it seems that economic prosperity is anti-Christian, or who can’t ‘turn the other ch... Free Essays on Nietzsche Free Essays on Nietzsche Nietzsche claims that we live in an historical age that is â€Å" beyond good and evil.† We are no longer restricted or limited by moral authorities and hence possess a new freedom and creativity. Citing works we have covered, what is the political promise and danger arising from the teaching that morality is a myth? Does the realization that we are â€Å"beyond good and evil† benefit and fulfill man? Why or Why not? If not, what else is necessary? Finally, given the readings, are you hopeful about the future? Why? Nietzsche believes that no history can be defined and claims that there is no such thing as something that has no history. Through examining Nietzsche it becomes evident that searching for the definition of species is not only futile but also unnecessary. This definition is something that he believes changes over time, without any permanent lasting and stable reality. Unlike Hobbes Nietzsche believed that our value systems are culturally determined, they arise not from conventional folk wisdom. His relationship with the truth has nothing to do with the meaning of a moral system. Humans described by Nietzsche are like human culture and have a history. We have a personal history were we ourselves cannot be defined, we continue to be a constant process of becoming, and or transcending the person we have been into something new. Many might feel that we are defined by some essential quality when in fact we are constantly being defined by other factors. Nietzshe states that humans believ e they must create their own system or become enslaved by another man's system. The lives of the human must be lived in solitude from others, we choose to create our own horizon. In comparison with Marx, he believes that the material forces of production and division of labor control the process of transformation of the individual self and ideas. This is said to be the logic behind the creation of history through Marx. Through the creation of h... Free Essays on Nietzsche In Nietzsche’s philosophy he made no room for God, let alone religion itself. Nietzsche saw religion, especially Christianity, as a weakness. A Burden put on man to cloud the mind with thoughts of another world in order to justify their meager existence in this one. When used as a tool of education or cultivation, religion could be useful just as politics or economics (Cowan72). The problem arises when religions do not want to be used as a tool for education, â€Å"but insist on having their own sovereign way†. They believe that they are not the means to any kind of end, but rather the end itself. Religion can be an intellectual journey, but it cannot be allowed to become the destination to which we are all struggling to arrive. (Cowan 74). This can only serve to downplay the role of man in the universe, a role that is already dangerously insignificant. In the eyes of Nietzsche Christianity has many sacrifices, these sacrifices are made for someone or something th at only exists in the man- written accounts of the Bible. Nietzsche saw Christianity as an endless cycle of sacrifice. Not by any means sacrifice for the better good, nor for any kind of enlightenment, but rather sacrifice for the pure sake of sacrifice. What good could possibly come of this? I believe he would be quick to answer the question. With the exception of a somewhat Hobbesean premise of being â€Å"one more means for overcoming resistances, for the ability to rule† (Cowan 72) and giving â€Å"some of the ruled the instruction and opportunity to prepare themselves for future ruling and obeying† (Cowan 73), no good can come of this. Nietzsche makes his dislike for Christianity quite evident, and I believe rightly so, for it serves as a lifelong scapegoat for the man who knows worldly failure. This same man who may fail to hold on to employment in the temporal world, for it seems that economic prosperity is anti-Christian, or who can’t ‘turn the other ch...

ANALYSIS AND COMPANY PROFILE of Hewlett Packard

ANALYSIS AND COMPANY PROFILE of Hewlett Packard On 1 January 1939, there are Stanford University graduates which are Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, they formed their partnership and decided to start a business. They decide the company’s name with a coin toss. They made a historic commitment to innovation when they founded HP in a garage. The first product they created was an audio oscillator used by Walt Disney to make Fantasia. For over 70 years since then, HP has continued innovating and helping people, businesses, and communities worldwide use technology to improve their businesses and lives. In 1957, the company goes to public. In keeping with Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard’s respect for workers, HP takes the then-unusual step of giving stock grants to employees. The growing company begins building on the site that will become its corporate headquarters in Palo Alto, California. HP also embarks on a path toward globalization, establishing manufacturing and marketing operations in Europe. In the 1980s, HP becomes a major player in the computer with a full range of computers, from desktop machines to portables to powerful minicomputers. HP also links computers with its electronic instruments and medical and analytical products, making them faster and more powerful. HP makes its entry into the printer market with the launch of inkjet printers and laser printers that connect to personal computers. HP’s high-quality, inexpensive inkjet printers spell the end of dot-matrix printers. In 1984, HP debuts the LaserJet printer line, goes on to become the company’s most successful single product line ever. The quality and reliability of HP’s printers make HP a highly recognizable brand by both consumers and businesses. HP focuses on simplifying technology experiences for all of its customers, from individual consumers to the largest businesses at the beginning of the 21st century. HP grows to become the world’s largest technology company with a portfolio that spans printing, personal computing, software, services and IT infrastructure. Later in the decade, a steady stream of acquisitions increases HP’s influence in the software, personal computing and printing markets, and in 2007, HP achieves $100 billion in revenue. In 2009, after the acquisition of EDS, HP moves up to No. 9 on the Fortune 500 list. GENERAL PEST The PEST analysis is the macro-environment or defined as external environment in business point of view. It has been affirmed to be important strategic tools to assess the market growth or decline and it is also a business measurement tool to analyze the external impact of the strategic development of a business. The factors of the PEST are Political, economic, social and technological. These elements are likely to impact your future business. It is drag in an organization considering of the external environment before the project is began. PEST analysis is very simple to complete, is a good material for the workshop session and it is also an effective brainstorming session. Political environment, including a country’s social system, the nature of the ruling party, the Government’s guidelines, policies, laws and so on. Different countries have different social nature, different social system of the organization have different restrictions on activities and requirements. Even if the social system is constant of the country, due to distinct of the ruling party, the government policy features and influence of policy orientation of the Organization is changing at different stages. There are several important political and legal variables which are the nature of ruling party, political system, economic system, tax policy, trade and tariff controls, social and employment legislation.

Article Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Article Review - Essay Example The aim of this research was laid out as to understand how the participants for the project triumph over the perceived obstacles to their progress and what methodologies do they adopt for learning in their schools. While this tries to identify the reason behind how a few of the boys perform well and why they do not move to a better school once their talent is identified. The paper takes a qualitative approach. Two schools are taken as samples, which are considered best among the academically unacceptable schools. Eleven students, two teachers and two principals participated in the survey. The survey consisted of a questionnaire with ten open ended questions that would bring about qualitative reasoning to the fore. In this case of data collection, quantitative is certainly the best option and the author has selected the same for the purpose. The inferences drawn by the author during the course of interviews both audio and a form filling one, has been directed more at the target of the research. The methodology adopted and the nature of the questionnaire is the best suited for this purpose. Though, a quantitative methodology analysing the status of the students and the relative observations would have helped in providing large database.

Internet Piracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Internet Piracy - Essay Example The Internet is a vast repository of music, movies, games and software. As the access to the Internet increases, the rate of piracy also increases. People with access to the Internet can download computer software, music or movies and other copyrighted material in digitalized form; and copy, replicate and sell it on the black market. All these activities constitute physical forms of piracy. Nevertheless, in developed nations, although people have widespread access to the Internet, the piracy rate is on the decline (Assenova). There is a direct relationship between such physical piracy and the Internet. Piracy has affected the international music industry. The proliferation of the Internet has made file – sharing and unauthorized downloading of music, very simple. Software pirates invented new technologies and tools to share music over the Internet. For instance, Napster introduced peer – to – peer technology that posed a serious threat to the music industry. It d ecreased the sale of legitimate music works, which caused the music industry to sustain severe financial losses (Mcclintock). Piracy did not stop at this and extended its depredations to the movie industry. The latter implemented several programs to protect itself from piracy, and the major movie companies launched joint campaigns against movie piracy, and made a number of efforts to enhance public awareness about piracy. These companies conducted antipiracy campaigns in university campuses and colleges across the US (Mcclintock).

Effects of the 8th Amendment on American Law Essay Example for Free

Effects of the 8th Amendment on American Law Essay The Eighth Amendment Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.Ever since the Eighth Amendment was ratified by the states in 1791, it has been a key part of our Constitution. The Eighth Amendment has protected our people from many things, including an overly high bail or unnatural punishments. It has ensured that in civil matters, as well as criminal cases, the people of America are protected from an overly high bail and cruel and unusual punishments. The Eighth Amendment has stirred up many controversies with its many paths of interpretation, in that the U.S. amendments are written down on paper but sometimes not properly enforced. The 8th amendment is the one I favor least and is to be examined during this assignment. I take the double-minded position on the subject of the 8th Amendment of for and against this amendment. Is the Death Penalty an Effective Punishment? In my opinion yes, with at least one important respect, it simply cannot be argued that a killer, once executed, can ever kill again. The crime must fit the punishment in order to justify, and this punishment must not favor anyone on the foundation of color. If this were the case I would without a doubt totally agree with this amendment, however, Studies show that there are racial biases when the death penalty is carried out. Since the resumption of executions in the early 1980s, 40 percent of those executed have been black. And more often than not blacks were more often executed than were whites without having their conviction reviewed by any higher court. The race of the victim and the defendant inevitably influences the decision to seek a death sentence. University of Iowa law professor David Baldus conducted an exhaustive criminal sentencing study in Georgia in the 1980s. He found that prosecutors sought the death penalty for 70% of black defendants with white victims, but only 15% of black defendants with black victims. Similar patterns of racial bias are found across the country. Over half of those on death row are people of color. Black men alone make up over 42% of all death row prisoners, though they account for only 6% of people living in the U.S. Nationwide, cases involving a white victim and a defendant of color are most likely to result in a death sentence. The Baldus study found that six out of ten defendants sentenced to death in Georgia for  killing a white person would not have received a death sentence had their victim been black. A case involving a white person was over four times more likely to result in a death sentence than was a comparable black victim case. In Maryland the state with one of the highest percentages of African Americans on death row a death sentence is eight times more likely in a white victim case than a black victim case, according to a 1987 Public Defenders Office study. Nearly half of those executed since 1976 have been people of color, with blacks alone accounting for 35%. All told, 82% have been put to death for the murder of a white person. Only 1.8% was whites who had been convicted of killing people of African, Asian, or Latin descent. Meanwhile, people of color are the victims in more than half of all homicides. Since 1930, one in two persons executed was black. Ultimately I must stand on the side of opposition with this Amendment on the basis of bias and suggest a moratorium until a clear version of this amendment is established with clear mandatory sentences regardless of the victim or the defendants ethnicity and does what it initially intended to do which is protect The American citizen without breaking other amendments in the process. Criminal court procedures are at an all time slow and speedy trials are a thing of the past. The government spending and income policies need to be modified to modern times. Also the treason penalty should be more heinous in the new world.ins an important part of our government. Works Cited Shortall, Joseph M.; Merrill, Denise W. Education Information Resource Center City: Publisher N/A, 1987. McCLESKEY v. KEMP- 481 U.S. 27 [Ty caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase. caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=usvol=481invol=279www.law.uiowa.edu/faculty/david-baldus.php

Siddhartha :: essays research papers

Monday Theology First off, let me start by saying that Siddhartha is a book that I never would have voluntarily chosen to read. A book based on Indian culture (dot, not feather) and set in a period of many years ago didn’t sound like my idea of a fun evening’s read. But now, after completing it, I can say that I was 100 percent incorrect and pleasantly surprised. This book was just chocked full of all kinds of symbols, signs and ideas, two of which really seemed familiar to me. Not because they are novel or revolutionary, but more because they are beliefs that I have held for sometime now. And the interesting thing is that I am not exactly sure where they came from. The first and probably most dominant theme was that of where Siddhartha was trying to find his enlightenment. He began by following a strict regime and belief structure that he was born into. He then â€Å"rebelled† and started to follow the Samana’s and their practice of self denial. Later, he went 180 degrees and indulged in â€Å"the sins of the flesh†. Not finding contentment in either of these, he finally settles on living on the river and becoming a ferryman. This is where he found the true meaning of Nirvana. He realized that true enlightenment cannot be reached through teachers because it cannot be taught- enlightenment comes from within. This is where I step into the picture. At the start of this semester, we were asked to tell something about ourselves, and where we were spiritually. I stated that I was a â€Å"Ten Commandment Kid†, being raised on bible movies on Sunday morning TV. I also stated that I had no formal biblical training, and that I went with my grandfather on â€Å"Sunday morning road trips† to his newest church of the month. Or week. I think that he was like Siddhartha in the fact that he was never satisfied with the answer that anyone ever gave him, so he moved on, still searching. This was his gift that he gave to me. The places that I attended and the movies that I watched asked many more questions than they ever answered. Even as young as eight I realized that while knowledge was good, true enlightenment, or wisdom, wasn’t going to come from any one pulpit or preacher. I have since found that the best church is on top of a hill, looking over a pasture with a gentle breeze blo wing the clouds slowly by.

Face Negotiation Theory Essay

The Face Negotiation Theory is established by Stella Ting-Toomey, which discusses the way by which people with different cultures communicate and manage conflict. In 1985, Stella Ting Toomey explains in her theory that disagreements and conflicts are usually brought about by identity management on the individualistic and collectivistic levels. The different facets that characterizes the identity of an individual or group is referred to as â€Å"faces†. Faces serves as the public image of an individual or group, which the society as a whole assessed depending upon the cultural norms and values of the people’s respective culture. According to Ting-Toomey, the distinction between individualistic and collectivists cultures is seen on how the former gives more importance to the face of the individual while the latter gives more attention to the welfare of the group (Gudykunst, 2005). The major tenets of the Face Negotiation Theory are greatly applicable with my life, especially since I interact with people that have different cultural background. I have friends who do not share the same culture that I have and sometimes this is the cause of misunderstandings between us because cultural differences also affect the values and principles that we have in life. However, I realized that in order to get along with my friends I need to understand and accept our differences and in doing so, I need to properly communicate with them in a way that shows my respect to their values and beliefs, which is actually one of the important things that is explained in the theory. In relation to this, I also learn that the theory can actually help me to enhance my communication process in the future wherein I could try having a more collectivistic face, which will allow me to give more importance to the welfare of the group rather than my individual interests. Moreover, I realized that the relevance of the Face Negotiation Theory has become more vital than ever because our society is becoming more interconnected with each other, especially with the greater interaction of different people all over the world. Reference Gudykunst, W. B. (2005). Theorizing about intercultural communication. California: SAGE.

Creating a new character for a soap Essay

The TV programme I chose to use as my soap is the American show ‘The O.C’ after watching numerous episodes of it in class and at home. I chose this programme because it was one that I was most familiar with, and a programme that I enjoyed watching. ‘The O.C’ is an American show, aimed at a teenage audience, as it follows the lives of teenagers and their families in Orange County, California. It mainly concentrates on the story of Ryan Atwood, a teenager from a rough town and a run down family who throw him out after a run in with the police. Sandy and Kirsten Cohen, who are part of a wealthy family, adopt him, and they invite him to live in their pool house at their home. They already have a son, Seth Cohen, who is your typical nerdy character, whom Ryan becomes brothers with. They both have to deal with life in Orange County, a place that comes across for the rich and good looking. They also have to deal with their relationships with Marissa Cooper, the girl next door when Ryan moves in, and Summer Roberts, Seth’s dream girl. Summer is portrayed as a stereotypical spoiled rich girl, with some snobiness. This is displayed in the first episode, where Summer is at first attracted to newcomer Ryan Atwood, until she finds out he is from Chino, prompting the response â€Å"Chino, eww.† However, different sides to Summer become evident as she develops. It is during her transformation that Summer falls in love with Seth, the boy who was never popular. Marissa also comes from a rich family, as the girl next door. But has a troubled time as her family falls apart. Ryan is the person who has to help her through this. The character that I have decided to create is called Claire Atwood. Claire is the sister of Ryan, but neither of them know they are related when the character is first introduced, and neither do the audience at first. She is fairly tall and slim, with blonde hair, and good-looking features like most of the other female characters in the show. Her good looks are what make her fit in with the show, as she full-fills the male gaze like many of the other female characters. The first scene that introduces the character, is the first day back at school for Ryan, Seth, Summer and Marissa. Seth and Ryan notice her walking down the hallway of the school, and can’t help but stare, as they are instantly attracted to her. They end up being in the same class, and she has to sit right in the middle of both Ryan and Seth. Nobody talks to her in the scene, and we don’t hear her speak either. The camera shows us a shot of her writing her name on a sheet of paper as she finishes her work, and she writes the name ‘Claire Atwood’. Only the audience sees this, and we instantly know that she is related to Ryan, as we know he has the same surname. I think the character would bring a lot to the show, including a sense of humour and irony. Marissa, who becomes Ryan’s girlfriend, becomes jealous of Ryan’s involvement with the new character as he offers to help her to do a school project. But only the audience knows that she is his sister, creating the irony and humour of the situation. The way in which she fits in, is because of her good looks. But Ryan and Seth become more and more suspicious of her, as she never lets anyone come to her house. They both follow her home one-day and discover that she is living in a trailer park. So we see that she doesn’t completely fit in, as she isn’t from a rich family, living in a big house like most of the other characters in Orange County. Ryan goes and knocks on the door of the trailer, and the door is opened by his biological dad, who has just come out of prison. This is when it is discovered that Claire is the sister of Ryan. Later in the programme, we discover that the father had been treating Claire poorly, and she comes to live with The Cohen family too. The character creates a lot of conflict in the show, something that greatly appeals to a lot of audiences. Ryan is very protective of her, and gets into fights with other boys who seem to take an interest in his sister, until Claire tells Ryan to stop being so protective. She is also a character that will attract more females to the show. We have followed the story of Ryan coming from the wrong side of the tracks and getting a chance to live in Orange County, being something that the male viewers can enjoy to watch as they are relating to another male character. But now we can follow the life of Claire, as she also comes from the wrong side of the tracks, in a very similar situation to Ryan’s. She has an aggressive personality, due to her poor upbringing as a child, and at first does not get along with the Cohen family, as she tells them she doesn’t want their help. She also gets into fights with other girls at the school, as she against most people who have wealth and tells everyone that she doesn’t need it. As her relationship as a sister to Ryan becomes stronger, and she becomes best friends with Marissa and Summer, they eventually convince her to move in with the Cohen family. Jamie Parker The first scene The fist scene involving Claire Atwood very much full-fills the male gaze. We see Ryan and Seth talking near their lockers, and they are instantly struck by Claire walking down the hallway. The camera cuts to her feet walking along, and slowly pans upwards to her face, then a long shot of her walking down the corridor towards the camera. The scene is played in slow motion, not only for the male gaze, but also to emphasize the importance of the scene, and the importance of the new character that is being introduced to the program. Because of the scene, we know she is going to have some importance, and not just a one off showing of a insignificant character. Whilst this is being shown, there is fast paced music playing, But as Claire, Ryan and Seth sit down in the classroom, the music slows and becomes more mysterious. The audience knows because of this, that there is something significant and important to this character. The camera zooms into Claire’s hand as she writes her name on the paper. And it is revealed to the audience that she is related to Ryan.

Introduction to New England Colonial Architecture

Introduction to New England Colonial Architecture When the British landed on the shores of the New World, they not only brought place names from England (e.g., Portsmouth, Salisbury, Manchester), but the colonists also carried the knowledge of building traditions and architectural styles. The religious separatists we call Pilgrims arrived in 1620, quickly followed by a group of Puritans in 1630, who settled in what became the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Using whatever materials they could find, the immigrants constructed timber-framed houses with steep roofs. Other settlers from Great Britain spread throughout Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island, building rustic dwellings like the ones they had known in their homeland. They colonized land that became New England. The earliest dwellings were likely hastily-constructed sheds and cabins - the recreation of the Plymouth Colony shows us this. Then, shoring up against the cold New England winters, colonists built single-story Cape Cod houses with massive chimneys placed at the center. As families grew, some colonists built larger two-story homes, still to be seen in communities like  Strawbery Banke on the New Hampshire coast. Colonists expanded their living space and protected their property with sloping saltbox roof additions, named after the shape of boxes used to store salt. The Daggett Farmhouse, built in Connecticut around 1750, is a good example of the saltbox roof style. Wood was plentiful in the northeastern forests of the New World. The English people who colonized New England grew up with architecture from late medieval and Elizabethan England. The British colonists were not far removed from the reign of Queen Elizabeth I and medieval timber-framed houses, and they continued these building practices through the 1600s and well into the 1700s. The 1683 Parson Capen House in Topsfield, Massachusetts is a good example of Elizabethan architecture in New England. Since these simple homes were made of wood, many burned down. Only a few have survived intact, and fewer still have not been remodeled and expanded. New England Colonial Types Styles Architecture in Colonial New England went through many phases and can be known by various names. The style is sometimes called post-medieval, late medieval, or first period English. A New England Colonial home with a sloping, shed-like roof is often called a Saltbox Colonial. The term Garrison Colonial describes a New England Colonial home with a second story that juts out over the lower level. The historic 1720 Stanley-Whitman House in Farmington, Connecticut is described as a post-medieval style, because of its second-story overhang, but a later lean-to addition transformed the  Garrison Colonial into one with a saltbox-style roof. It did not take long for colonial styles of architecture to combine to form new designs. Modern Colonials Builders often imitate historic styles. You may have heard words like New England Colonial, Garrison Colonial, or Saltbox Colonial used to describe modern-day homes. Technically, a house built after the American Revolution - after communities were no longer colonies of England - is not colonial. More correctly, these homes of the 19th and 20th centuries are Colonial Revival or Neocolonial. Northern versus Southern Colonial Houses Early New England colonial houses were usually located mostly along the shores of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. Remember that Vermont and Maine were not part of the 13 original colonies, although much of the architecture is similar, modified by French influences from the north. Northern colonial homes were wood framed construction, usually the plentiful white pine, with clapboard or shingle siding. Early homes were one story, but as more family arrived from Britain these starter homes became two-stories, often with steep roofs, narrow eaves, and side gables. A large, center fireplace and chimney would heat upstairs and downstairs. Some homes added the luxury of saltbox-shaped lean-to additions, used to keep wood and supplies dry. New England architecture was inspired by the beliefs of the inhabitants, and the Puritans tolerated little exterior ornamentation. The most decorative were the post-medieval styles, where the second story slightly protruded ove r the lower floor and the small casement windows would have diamond-shaped panes. This was the extent of decorative design. Beginning with the Jamestown Colony in 1607, New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies were established up and down the eastern coastline of what would become the United States. Settlers in southern regions such as Pennsylvania, Georgia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Virginia also constructed uncomplicated, rectangular homes. However, a Southern Colonial home is often made with brick. Clay was plentiful in many southern regions, which made brick a natural building material for southern colonial homes. Also, homes in the southern colonies often had two chimneys - one on each side - instead of a single massive chimney in the center. Tour New England Colonial Homesteads The New England Colonial home of Rebecca Nurse was built in the 17th century, making this giant red house a true Colonial. Rebecca, her husband, and her children moved here to  Danvers, Massachusetts around 1678. With two rooms on the first floor and two rooms on the second, a large chimney runs through the center of the main house. A kitchen lean-to addition with its own chimney was built in about 1720. Another addition was constructed in 1850. The Rebecca Nurse house has its original floors, walls, and beams. However, like most homes from this period, the house has been extensively restored. The lead restoration architect was Joseph Everett Chandler, who also oversaw the historic restorations at the Paul Revere House in Boston and the House of Seven Gables in Salem. Rebecca West is an interesting figure in American history for being a victim of the Salem Witch Trials- in 1692 she was accused, tried, and executed for practicing witchcraft. Like many historic homes throughout New England, the Rebecca Nurse Homestead is open to the public for tours. Many of New Englands finest colonial homes are open to the public. The Hoxie House in Sandwich, Massachusetts was built in 1675 and is said to be the oldest house still standing on Cape Cod. The Jethro Coffin House, built in 1686, is the oldest house on Nantucket.  The home of author Louisa May Alcott, Orchard House in Concord, Massachusetts, is a good example of farmhouses built between 1690 and 1720. The town of Salem, Massachusetts is a museum itself, with the House of Seven Gables (1668) and the Jonathan Corwin House (1642), also known as the Witch House, being two popular tourist attractions.  A Boston home built in 1680 and once owned by American patriot Paul Revere is a popular post-medieval style to view. Lastly, Plimoth Plantation is the Disney-equivalent of 17th century New England living, as the visitor can experience an entire village of the primitive huts that started it all. Once you get a taste of Colonial American house styles, youll know some of what has made Ame rica strong. COPYRIGHT: The articles you see on these pages are copyrighted. You may link to them, but do not copy them in a blog, web page, or print publication without permission. Sources Architecture of New England and the Southern Colonies by Valerie Ann Polino, http://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1978/4/78.04.03.x.html [accessed July 27, 2017]English Colonial Domestic Architecture of New England by Christine G. H. Franck, https://christinefranck.wordpress.com/2011/05/13/english-colonial-domestic-architecture-of-new-england/ [accessed July 27, 2017]Architectural Style Guide, Historic New England, https://www.historicnewengland.org/preservation/for-homeowners-communities/your-old-or-historic-home/architectural-style-guide/#first-period-post-medieval [accessed July 27, 2017]Virginia and Lee McAlester. A Field Guide to American Houses, 1984Lester Walker. American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home, 1998John Milnes Baker, AIA. American House Styles: A Concise Guide, Norton, 1994Architectural Style Guide, Boston Preservation Alliance, bostonpreservation.org/advocacy/architectural-style-guide.html [accessed July 27, 2017]

Candide by Voltaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Candide by Voltaire - Essay Example These events are highlighted in the as the author tries to depict the evil in the society. Voltaire needed to highlight that Candide’s society needed critical reforms. This paper will highlight the significance of the battlefield and the earthquake in terms of social identity. In chapter three, Voltaire describes the battlefield in Bulgars. Candide witnessed the adverse effects caused by war. He was there when two armies harmoniously arranged themselves with music that Voltaire describes, as â€Å"hell itself had never heard† (Voltaire 10). The satirical manner in which Voltaire describes the war speaks volumes about the attitudes of the society. The men in the army used cannons and bayonets to slay the people. In a few seconds, Candide witnessed over 30,000 people killed in the war. Both the kings of the armies were desperate to win the war. Therefore, they expected the soldiers to murder more people. Candide was unable to bear with the reality of the situation. He sought to move away from the battlefield and be able to reflect on both the causes and the effects of the war. He highlights that he saw many dead bodies as well as other people on the verge of death. He witnessed the desperation with which men saw their wives and children die. Even in death, women held firmly to their children. It is unfortunate that the Bulgarian heroes also raped the women. The scene was devastating and Candide had never witnessed such evil. Without a doubt, there were no justifiable reasons for the war. The two kings needed to enjoy the glory of winning a war without any noble causes. Unfortunately, the war led to the death of over 30,000 innocent people. Evidently, the society of the Bulgars needed redemption, so that they can restore peace. The society needed reforms if it were to maintain peace and avoid war (9). Candide reflection on the causes and effects of the war demonstrates that the society had to calculate the cost of the war and face the

Compare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Compare - Essay Example The premise of this essay is therefore to compare and contrast two works of literature, which are both fictional articles or short stories. Throughout the paper, the approaches used by the writers in expressing their opinions about issues of society are analyzed. This is done by looking very deep into the themes used by the writers and how the themes were effective in conveying the messages that writers needed to put across. The two texts that are used in the essay are The Ingrate by Paul Laurence Dunbar and Tito’s Goodbye by Cristina Garcia. Very relatively, the themes used in these texts are very similar, given the fact that they all focused on the issues of law in one way or the other. In Tito’s Goodbye, the theme of advantageous injustice was looked at from a moral perspective, whereby the unfair actions of an attorney and how these turned to him in the long were was reviewed. Similarly The Ingrate looked at advantageous injustice from the perspective of slave trade by critiquing how slave masters took advantage of their slaves and treated them as less inferior people. As far as themes are concerned therefore, both texts were concerned with injustice in society and the end result of such acts. The writers were therefore able to send very strong moral lessons as to why injustice can never be justified in any context. Even though the themes used in the two works were similar, the approaches to presenting them were slightly different. For example in The Ingrate, the theme of injustice is taken from a societal or communal perspective whiles in Tito’s Goodbye the same theme is taken from a personal or individualized perspective. This was the contrasting point in the two papers as far as the themes are concerned. Having said this, it would be noted that the two texts perfectly complement each other in terms of addressing the issue of injustice. The complementary nature of the two themes come in as the act of injustice is commonly seen to be