Sociology Of The Family And Social Change Sociology Essay

Sociology Of The Family And Social Change Sociology EssayThrough forth levelsociety andfamilies have undergone huge changes and these have been argued by galore(postnominal) antitheticsociologicalperspectives. The reasons for theargued changesareas diverseas the theories themselves. In this under retreat I aim to raise, evaluate and analyse the argu giveforcets elevated by Functionalist, bolshie and Feminist theories with regards to why and when these changes occurred and their impact on the family and society in gen datel. frugal factors,war,changes in womens rights, reduction in religious beliefs and increase in part and a more(prenominal) recentera of technology are safe some of the factors that have light uponedsocietyand thus changed the grammatical construction of the family as was previously cognize.All of these could be said to have being trusty for what is seen as a breakdown in thefamily unit as it was faren scarce in this essay I will be look at the effects ofindustrialisation on the family.Families have al panaches been the pedestal blocks from which we grow and learn, a means of support, whos components can change differently oer time depending on where the familiesexist. The extended family included three extensions of kin. The members didnt only dish out a household solely also an important economic intent which was to work together as a collective group, the purpose was to back up keep the family a continue and closely, for example, the men would do more intensive elbow grease such as subsistence farming, hunting and gathering, whilst the women would do crafts trades and domestic duties like cooking, brewing, sympathize with for the offspring as well as perfecting the role of a productive wife and m opposite, which kept their husband happier and motivated to work sonorous for his family.Eventually, the era of technology was introduced to society. This make a vast alteration in fib by replacing most manual and animal labo ur in many countries across the world, which in the end forced the agriculture industry into an industrial workings society.In the 18thCentury, industrialisation hit Britain and small industries started to chop-chop grow across the country, specializing from metal production and mining to spinning, weaving and pabulum production e.g. slaughter houses. More additional opportunities for employment were offered, altering the family structure dramatically, from as fine as the age four, they were capable of working in factories. The growth of industrialisation resulted in more work for the unemployed. Wages were mortified, in so far the house rent, food and living expenses increased. Many workers had no intentions of limiting their family coat as their infant children continued to contribute to the family economy. Eventually the small cottage businesss started to growinto proto-industrial businessand families started hiring more workers other than kin.Functionalism was the main b ranch in society up until the early 1960s, since then it has been increasingly criticized by other sociologists who favoured different sociology perspectives (Martin Holborn andLiz Steel -Collins Publications).Institutionssuch as schools and churches played a salient part in society according to Functionalists and these institutions were functional for societies as a whole.The first main functionalists were G P Murdock and Talcott Parsons. Firstly, Murdock argued that the society was held together by four functions Sexual, Reproduction, Economy and Education. Later on,Parsons theory (which was widely criticised by historical evidence, notably studies byLaslett and Anderson) was to studynuclear and heterosexualfamilies,Parsons Fit dissertation states that the Modern Nuclear family evolved to meet the needs of an industrial society, Feminists argued that tradition roles of the family cut back opportunities in employment. They also argued that although women were employed, that they were also expectedto carry outthe common chord shift at home, which consisted of housework, child care and activated work.Marxistsargued that family helped a circularise of children accept regime without questioning which prepared them to accept capitalist authorities in work places. Another Marxism argument was that without the growing population of the family, the beg for products would decrease capitalist profits.Marxist feminists agreed with these arguments but also pointed out that it was the women who were exploited most of all, they explained that the tradition role of the mother and housewife judge wasnt fair, but as they are prepared for this role, it provided help to their husbands at low prices which resulted to male workers being employed at low wages.Marxists assumed the family had many roles which were effective to the Capitalist society, theybelivedthat the family helped capitalism by being the major consumers of paid goods, this helped the bourgeoisie a grea t deal and proved that whilst the family exists, then the bourgeoisie would resume to make more profit. They also commitd that the next proletariat generation were created by housewives, as more children were produced, more jobs were filled which were currently left hand open by the retired. They believed that the family helped the main income provider,which was usually the husband by relieving atmospheric pressure from the previous evening allowing him to attend work the next day working and allowing the bourgeoisie to obligate a guaranteed workforce resulting in a beneficial outcome, the proletariat were less likely to rebel against the system due to little stress.To Marxists, program line was considered the main source ofsocialisation,this was also beneficial to the bourgeoisie since the family and education system would teach the children how the society they live in is precise.Education made the proletariat believe the ideology of Capitalism which encouraged children to be lieve in the myth of meritocracy.Marxists believed that the bourgeoisie discouraged the proletariat extended family that once existed.Marxists believethat the proletariat had a mutual support system and acted communally as a support unit, which fit to many people becoming cognisant of which class they were in. This lead to the proletariat protesting against the capitalist ruling class for power, but as this was brought about by the extended family, the bourgeoisie taught the extended family to be immoral.Engels saw industrialisationnegatively asit increased exploitation of the workers, but also in a positive lightas it would eventually cause a communist revolution.The Marxist theories I have raised suggest that while Marxs theory makes sense, it has also been disproven throughout history as almost all of the countries that were introduced to the communist revolution eventually collapsed and became capitalist governmentsCommunists didnt lead to freedom for the workers, but only to exploitive tyrannies that abused the proletariat more inferior than any bourgeoisie ever did, which concludes that although communism may well have been a great theory, it was never a practical one. historically the feministapproach is primarily aimedat men, in that respect seeonthe familyhas an economic system whichencompasses anarray of labour relation in which men benefit from the exploitation of women.Marriage has existed for the benefit of men and has been a legitimately sanctioned method of control over women We must work to undo it. The end of the institution of marriage is a necessary condition for the press release of women. Therefore it is important for us to encourage women to leave their husbands and not to live individually with men All of history must be re-written in terms of oppression of women.(The Declaration of Feminism November, 1971)Many feminists came to the conclusion that when a member of the household worked, the income wasnt to contribute towards the h ousehold, but to the man. They saw the family a way for the man to dominate the woman, as he would benefit from all the work the woman does to contribute towards the family e.g. cleaning, cooking,and bringingup the children and more.Which also includesother view feministshad involving the 57 varieties of unpaid service.Radical feminists believe that the main problem in society is patriarchy,they believe that a mans point of view is dominance and power, that they arent reckon like they should be.A Marxist feminist believes capitalism is to blame for the problem, they believe that capitalism weakens the society( mainlywomen ) , and if they eliminatedcapitalism and introduce communism.A generous feminist believes that over time, sexism has started to diminish and society has started to improve.In conclusion there are many arguments regarding the industrialisation of the family and its affects. Many factors come into play and the many combinations of these along with the diversity of what family means to different people, I feel it makes it hard for any theory to, on its own, explain how and why these changes happened or to know if they would have anyway and are possibly down to evolution. External influences affect us all differently dependant in class, financial, social and emotional factors within a family unit. There is no norm and so to contain any one theory alone correct would not take this in to account.