Linking Brain and Behavior: Reflections on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantat :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Linking point and conduct Reflections on Neurodegenerative infirmitys and Fetal Neural TransplantationNeurodegenerative diseases be caused by malfunctions within the aim sector of the nervous musical arrangement. These malfunctions, which atomic number 18 caused by the social strawman or absence of hormones, are a direct ensue of neuronal cell deterioration within the read/write head. Thus, biological problems of the wizardry, or preferably predicaments arising mingled with cellular connections within the brain, and the treatment of such conditions, illustrate how the brain organizes movement and behavior (11). The brain is the bodys talk headquarters. It obtains a myriad of teaching from divers(a) parts of the sensory system and processes this in mildewation in an unionized spirt. It thence relays sensory input to different parts of the motor system. much(prenominal) messages from the brain dictate specific muscular and behavioral patterns. Thus, this nervous s ystem is exceedingly depended on a cause and effect system, where the slightest offset to the assembly-line fashion of cellular interaction results in major behavioral abnormalities(11). Moreover, there are devil particular areas of the brain that are specifically related to motor malfunctions the substania nigga and the striatum (the caudate nucleus and the putamen). The cells of the nigra synapse with cells of the striatum, which serves as the comptroller of motor functions such as walking, balance, and muscular movement. Information from the nigra cells passes through with(predicate) the synapses with the attention of a specific hormone, dopamine, which is a significant chemical vector in the brain. Because the existence of dopamine is indwelling to the function of the substania nigra, it is as well essential for the heterogeneous muscular activities controlled by the striatum, such as walking, balance, etc (9). Neurodegenerative diseases, like shaking palsy Disease an d Huntingtons disease, thus, illustrate two very different behavioral patterns that are afterwards caused by two opposite and extreme biological abnormalities, where the nigra-striatum neural communication assemblage is hampered. Parkinsons disease (PD) results from a depletion in the sum total of dopamine produced by the brain. At the onset of the disease, dopamine-secreting cells of the substania nigra, either because of genetic factors or environmental toxins, experience mass cell death. Thus, the nigra cells are unable to form synapses through which they secrete and relay dopamine to the striatum in a neural circuit within the basal ganglia (11). The striatum is also a coordination center for chemical messengers. When there is a decrease in dopamine levels, the striatum experiences a chemical imbalance (2).Linking Brain and Behavior Reflections on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural Transplantat Biology Essays Research PapersLinking Brain and Behavior Reflections o n Neurodegenerative Diseases and Fetal Neural TransplantationNeurodegenerative diseases are caused by malfunctions within the motor sector of the nervous system. These malfunctions, which are caused by the presence or absence of hormones, are a direct result of neural cell deterioration within the brain. Thus, biological problems of the brain, or rather predicaments arising between cellular connections within the brain, and the treatment of such conditions, illustrate how the brain organizes movement and behavior (11). The brain is the bodys communication headquarters. It obtains a myriad of information from various parts of the sensory system and processes this information in an organized fashion. It then relays sensory input to different parts of the motor system. Such messages from the brain dictate specific muscular and behavioral patterns. Thus, this neural system is highly depended on a cause and effect system, where the slightest offset to the assembly-line fashion of cellula r interaction results in major behavioral abnormalities(11). Moreover, there are two particular areas of the brain that are specifically related to motor malfunctions the substania nigra and the striatum (the caudate nucleus and the putamen). The cells of the nigra synapse with cells of the striatum, which serves as the controller of motor functions such as walking, balance, and muscular movement. Information from the nigra cells passes through the synapses with the aid of a specific hormone, dopamine, which is a significant chemical transmitter in the brain. Because the existence of dopamine is essential to the function of the substania nigra, it is also essential for the various muscular activities controlled by the striatum, such as walking, balance, etc (9). Neurodegenerative diseases, like Parkinsons Disease and Huntingtons disease, thus, illustrate two very different behavioral patterns that are subsequently caused by two opposite and extreme biological abnormalities, where th e nigra-striatum neural communication assemblage is hampered. Parkinsons disease (PD) results from a depletion in the amount of dopamine produced by the brain. At the onset of the disease, dopamine-secreting cells of the substania nigra, either because of genetic factors or environmental toxins, experience mass cell death. Thus, the nigra cells are unable to form synapses through which they secrete and relay dopamine to the striatum in a neural circuit within the basal ganglia (11). The striatum is also a coordination center for chemical messengers. When there is a decrease in dopamine levels, the striatum experiences a chemical imbalance (2).