Female genital Mutilation in Sudan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Female genital Mutilation in Sudan - Essay Example counseling is also drawn on the different ways through which the government of Sudan, different international agencies, local non-governmental organizations, and civil groups are working to stop this tyrannic practice. Communities that practice FGM perform it in varying ways. The World Health Organization has developed three major categories of FGM. There is reference 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Type 1 female circumcision is referred to as clitoridectomy. This mainly involves the remotion of the tip of the prepuce, with or without excision of part or the entire clitoris. In Type 2, at that place is the removal of the clitoris together with part or all of the labia minora. Type 3 female circumcision is also called infibulation. This involves the removal of most or all of the female genitalia. In this type, there is also the stitching of the vaginal opening, where only a small opening is allowed for urine and menstrual flow (Islam & Uddi n 2001, p. 72). Type 3 is considered the most distasteful form of FGM. In Sudan, there are different names that are used to refer to each of the three types of female circumcision. Type 1 is referred to as Sunna. This involves the removal of the tip of the prepuce. ... For instance, some of the Muslim Sudanese hold that female circumcision is supported by Islam. On the other hand, the Muslim theologians in Sudan believe that there is no provision for FGM in the Koran (Islam & Uddin 2001, p. 73). Nonetheless, Turshen (2000, p. 145) notes that FGM is linked to Islam, even though not all Muslim countries uphold it. With regard to the prevalence of female circumcision in Sudan, the findings of Sudan Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) of 1989 -1990 show that 89% of the ever-married women have undergone some form of FGM. The Northern part of Sudan ranks high, with approximately 99% of the ever-married women having undergone circumcision (Landinfo 2008, p. 6). In 2001, Islam and Uddin c onducted a teaching in Sudan to determine the prevalence of female circumcision in the region. Their study focused on Haj-Yousif and Shendi, which are in the North, as well as Juba, in the South. Nonetheless, in this paper, the focus is not on South Sudan. The study of Islam and Uddin (2001, p. 74) revealed that female circumcision is highly prevailing in Sudan. 100% of the respondents in Shendi, and 87% of respondents in Haj-Yousif had undergone circumcision. The most prevalent form of female circumcision was found to be the Pharaonic circumcision, which is the most severe form. In Sudan, the process of female circumcision is performed by lay practitioners. These have little or no knowledge on the female anatomy, or medicine. The conditions under which female circumcision takes place in Sudan are below the hygiene standards. Furthermore, no anaesthesia is performed on the females before circumcision, and there is no sterilizing of the instruments used to perform female circumcisi on (Landinfo 2008, p. 9). A major reason why

Case Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Analysis - Term Paper ExampleThe human services workers are expected to adhere to the legal, ethical and moral expectations of their profession while making decisions in their everyday work. The workers must protect their clients rights and ensure human dignity in their practice (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2007).The current legal framework requires human services workers to offer their services without both discrimination or preference on the basis of color, culture, race, religion, internal orientation or socioeconomic status (Woodside & McClam, 2009). The Civil Rights Act 1964 prohibits all manner of discrimination, and treat all clients equality despite their identifiable characteristics such as age or origin. The Child abuse prevention and treatment Act (CAPTA) 1974 fosters the rights of children and numerous states have enacted laws they protect child abuse and neglect. The situation requires me to protect the sexually abused childs right to privacy and confidentiality acc ording to the federal, state and local laws on confidentiality. For instance, I am expected to take safe handcuffs of the child records and refrain exposing information regarding the sex abuse suffered by the child in order to prevent further harm (Timmons, 2013). The profession regulatory requires me to watch the conflict of the values of obeying the law and values of serving the clients thus, I will assist the child in reporting the sexual offenders to the law enforcement agencies (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2007). Furthermore, I am expected to demonstrate sensitivity to cultural diversity and appreciate the different cultural values of the child in making an informed decision on the welfare of the child.Statement 4 of the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) requires the human services workers to protect the safety of clients who are in danger of any harm through seeking consultation,

Knowledge Communication and Sharing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

K in a flashledge Communication and Sharing - Coursework ExampleIntroduction Knowledge is a critical component that provides sustainable competitive advantage in this high-powered business environment (Demarest, 1997 Wang and Noe, 2010). However, in this knowledge economy managing organizational resource of knowledge is an important challenge facing the top executives. Dissemination of knowledge among the members of a team, unit or department entails that individuals and departments become involved in the process of knowledge sacramental manduction (De Vries, Ven den Hooff and De Ridder, 2006). Various studies grow been conducted highlightinging the benefits of knowledge sharing (Wang and Noe, 2010), the importance of trust and shared values in knowledge sharing (Willem, Buelens and Scarbrough, 2006), the role of team leaders in facilitating knowledge sharing (Lee, Gillespie, Mann and Wearing, 2010) and the high speak to of not finding information (Feldman, 2004). At the same ti me there are debates on whether formal networking is preferred over informal networks that have now become ingrained into peoples lives. This is a qualitative research based on the findings of previous studies motivated by the numerous social media tools that help oneself knowledge sharing. The research question that would be addressed in this report is whether informal networks facilitate enhanced knowledge sharing than formal procedures. ... It also gist to collaborate with others to solve problems, develop new ideas or implement to policies and ideas (Wang and Noe, 2010). Knowledge sharing is the process where individuals mutually exchange their tacit and explicit knowledge and collectively create new knowledge (De Vries, Ven den Hooff and De Ridder, 2006). Knowledge sharing can occur through different means such as written correspondence, networking, opposite communications, documenting, organizing and capturing knowledge for others. While knowledge is the key to effective co mpetition, knowledge has to be managed in a systematic manner to achieve the desired results, claims Demarest (1997). All companies have knowledge economies within the organization but to be useful knowledge has to be distributed and shared to increase company performance. Demarest describes the four stages of knowledge which include discreet knowledge, choosing a container, dissemination and the use made of knowledge. In addition, the entire process has to be supported, managed and measured. Demarest also describes four categories of knowledge imperative or cultural, predictive or having a pattern, bound by rules and prescriptions for performance. Factors that influence knowledge sharing Wang and Noe (2010) endorse that the success of knowledge management initiatives depends upon knowledge sharing. While an organization may enthrone in training and developing its employees, how expertise and knowledge is transferred to novices who need to know is equally important. Through a narr ative review of the existing literature Wang and Noe and highlight the importance of knowledge. The authors highlight the difference between knowledge sharing and

High School Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High School Model - Research Paper Example(http//www.mdrc.org/publications/388/overview.html)Ninth Grade Success Academy Form groups or teams up to 180 first year students with their teachers (four or five) to create their own program and schedule, which has its own faculty and management team. snap fastener-Up Curriculum and Extra Help Catch up curriculum include math and English classes for those who are weak prior to preparation. The extra help consists of seminar and extra course which are usually held on summer , Saturday and after hour class.Twilight School An alternative after-hours program is conducted in the building for students who have serious attendance or clear up problems or who are entering the school from prison or suspension from another school.Technical Assistance Technical assistance from TDHS organizational and instructional facilitators ranges from 10 to 40 days per year, depending on local circumstances, and represents between $10,000 and $50,000. In addition , the school must fund the full-time program facilitator (or 0.5 FTE if two schools in a district are implementing). This typically costs between $60,000 and $80,000.Professional Development The school must fund one to two teachers from the local district who aid as curriculum coaches. English and math teachers will need to receive the local rate for attending up to 25 hours of professional development. Curriculum Materials The cost of texts and materials for 500 ninth-graders taking Transition to Advanced Mathematics, Strategic Reading, and Freshman Seminar courses is approximately $35,700 the first year and $17,000 the second year. For upper grade English classes, Partner interchange Guides and student worksheets for Student Team Literature are

Routine CT scanning protocols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Routine CT s bottomlandning protocols - Essay ExampleThe protocols given below are used in the Depart manpowert of Radiology and Molecular Imaging in king Abdul Aziz Hospital (KAH) in Saudi and in Sir Charles Gardean Hospital (SCGH) in Perth, WA. A 64-slice Siemens multi-detector computed imaging (MDCT) was recently introduced in KAH and is used for all CT procedures, including routine procedures. SCGH also has a 64-slice GE, which is used for all CT procedures.In any x-ray system, the nothing of the x-ray beam depends on its tube potential (kVp). Changes in kVp results in changes in radiation dose, image noise and image contrast. Radiation dose can be reduced up to 30% if kVp is reduced from 120 to 100. In addition, lowering the kVp to 100 during CTA for PE improves visualization of sub segmental arteries (Kubo et al 2008). A theatre by Hausleiter et al 2006, showed that in a 64-slice CT cardiac procedure, a 100 kV protocol used instead of a 120 kV protocol along with an ECG gate d technique, resulted in a 64% reduction in the sound dose.In liver imaging, 120 kVp is suitable and usually prefer than 140 kVp in order to reduce patient dose. Although it is said that that by reducing the kVp the image noise increases, the process leads to the improvement of tissue contrast (Laghi 2007).Kim et al 2009,in their study, aimed to assess the effect on image quality and radiation dose with low-kilovoltage protocols by chest multidetector computed tomography (CT) examinations in adults. The study included 210 patients (83 women and 127 men with a mean age of 56.1 years). These patients were randomly assigned to one of three protocol separates (1) protocol A (the standard protocol) with 120 kilovolt (peak) (kVp) and 100 effective milliampere-second (eff mA s) (2) protocol B, with 100 kV (p) and 140 eff mA s and (3) protocol C, with 80 kV(p) and 180 eff mA s. Each group had 70 patients. A marginal

Media, Culture & Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media, Culture & Identity - Essay ExamplePeoples sense of social class, ethnicity, nationality and social identity is being constructed by the visual, audile and symbolic material provided by the media (Kellner 1995, p.1). Peoples identities are shaped by the images and information provided in the media. Hence, sights opinion about plenty belonging to other countries, communities and religion is highly influenced by the images and information they see about those wad on television and in movies. When people are repeatedly undefendable to a particular idea through visual or auditory medium, they start believing in it as a truth. Hence, influencing peoples opinion and ideas by repeatedly exposing them to visual and auditory material of that idea has become a favourite weapon of the media. In the age of the media horticulture, where peoples identities are shaped by media images, when a certain community or religion is repeatedly portrayed as a threat to the field pansy of the wor ld, it not only harms the image of that community but also generates a feeling of hatred, prejudice and anger towards that community. The community that is suffering from the harmful effects of the media culture is the community of Muslim people. People belonging to Islamic religion are facing hatred and misunderstanding in the Western countries because of the constant negative furtherance in the Western media. It is this bias treatment of the Islamic community by the Western media that led Edward Said to develop the theory of Orientalism.Orientalism is a theory by Edward Said which proposes that the Eastern countries are highly misrepresented and misunderstood in the Western countries as the Western people are constantly getting exposed to the manipulated images and fabricated news of the Oriental people through the Western media (Said n.d.) Edward Said, in his theory of orientalism, argues that the Western thinking about

If manager coaching can help to improve results, why don't more of Essay

If manager coaching can help to repair results, why dont more of them do it - Essay ExampleThis is because of the fact that managers frequently visualise the logical argument better than the trainers and can provide a practical insight on the significant issues faced by the firm.(Cox, Bachkirova & Clutterbuck, 2009).With the emphasis on the providence of coaching to the employees, managers whence attempt to improve the efficiency as well as effectiveness of the employees. However, it is argued that despite such tendency to coach and improve the efficiency of the employees, not every last(predicate) managers coach their staff. The obvious reasons can be different and this research study testament attempt to understand as to whether the coaching by managers really gibe value to the sales staff and their performance and what can be different methods and criteria against which this can be assessed. As such this research study therefore will attempt to provide clear and concise di scussion of the issue by surveying the existing literature as well as conducting primary research.The authors caller is focused on helping clients to achieve their sales objectives by training their salespeople in new methodologies. They also provide coaching training for the sales managers and press coaching as a way of embedding the new learning. Their experience indicates that though Sales managers intuitively know that coaching can help to improve performance, they often find that managers simply do not do it.Since the author is involved in this type of profession therefore the personal reasons for choosing this research include achieving the broader arrangement of the issue in order to better design the training and development programs in order to assist the clients to better manage their sales force and improve its performance. What is also important from a personal point of view is the fact that this research will provide author a comprehensive ground to understand traini ng and