France vs. England 17th Century Essay

There are principally two sorts of governments that rose during the seventeenth century. A large portion of the political improvement occurred in France and England. Total government took over all through France while constitutionalism, or parliamentary government, was getting well known in England somewhere in the range of 1640 and 1780. France’s outright government created due to the aristocrats and rulers concentrated on the idea of heavenly right. Britain, then again, created through the agents and landowners attempting to forestall the focal grouping of political force. These administrations got a handle on the consideration of savants, pioneers, and holy places. In the end, both would create and impact the cutting edge world today in Europe and the Americas. France was exceptionally well known at the ideal opportunity for making the possibility of rulers ruling by divine right. This recognition was that the leader of a particular nation was put there by God. It was their perfect option to be there in light of the fact that they were playing out crafted by God. The king’s subjects were not to scrutinize the choices of the lord since it was God’s will; and who can address God? Lord Louis XIV was the most persuasive towards divine rights. He expected to be dealt with like a divine being on the grounds that he was His delegate on earth. Louis XIV was bolstered by Bishop Jacques-Bã ©nigne Bossuet, who was the pioneer of French Catholicism in the seventeenth century. He utilized models from the New Testament of rulers who were just responsible to God. Popes had demanded since the medieval occasions that they must be decided by God. Bossuet and Louis XIV at that point contended that solitary God reserved the privilege to pass judgment on rulers. In England, there was a great deal of strife between the ruling rulers and enormous landowners. English rulers attempted to duplicate France with their money related framework that did notâ depend intensely on the domains, diets, or congregations of aristocrats. By doing this, it assisted with giving French rulers outright standard. While effortlessly accomplished in France, the English government bombed regally. James I of England additionally attempted to accomplish the awesome right of rulers. He needed to diminish parliament’s power and approached them for help as meager as could be expected under the circumstances. Without the assistance of parliament, James I needed to discover different methods for income. He immediately infuriated his subjects due to England’s insufficient salary; he undermined aristocrats, huge landowners, and those of business riches for cash. James I and the Duke of Buckingham additionally offered imperial support to the most elevated bidders. Theseâ were a portion of the key factors that prompted the doubt of the English rulers. Interestingly, King Louis XIV picked up the trust of his kin and aristocrats effortlessly. He would engage aristocrats at Versailles, his own twenty-six section of land home. He would then give them charge exceptions, riches, and social standing in the event that they bolstered him. The French honorability found the most ideal approach to ensure and elevate their inclinations was to help the authoritative ruler. Rather than relying upon the abundance of the aristocrats, he made the aristocrats subject to him. He announced that, â€Å"the state is me,† or as it were, that France existed for him. Louis XIV additionally advanced that there ought to be â€Å"one ruler, one law, one faith.† This helped him gain the steadfastness of the Roman Catholics who needed to reestablish Catholici sm as the conspicuous religion in Europe. English rulers additionally bungled in setting up total government on account of religion. Protestant turned into the main religion among the English. Protestants accepted that Sunday ought to be loaded with strict observances and next to no relaxation or entertainment. James I accepted that amusement and sports were blameless exercises and allowed them to be played on Sunday, which incensed the Protestant religions. On account of a couple of different miss happenings, a Protestant development known as Puritanism was set up. This was a nonpolitical power that contradicted absolutism and looked to constrain political position and inevitably topple it. There were additionally Puritans in France that attempted to revolt yet their endeavors were squashed by Louis XIV and the Roman Catholics who implemented strict consistency. Britain likewise contrasted from France due to the production of the Bill of Rights. After the Glorious Revolution, when James II fled to France, England put William and Mary of Orange on the seat. Despite the fact that they were the new supreme rulers, Parliament gave the Bill of Rights that constrained forces of the government and ensured the common freedoms of the English classes. William and Mary marked the Bill of Rights that would let them rule just by the assent of Parliament. From the earliest starting point of their reign in 1689, they brought numerous financial and military assets into offset with the French and would in the end top France as the force to be reckoned with of E urope. In Comparing French and English political turn of events, the convictions of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke consummately represent the contrasts among total and parliamentary governments. Hobbes was a severe supporter to absolutism and unlimited oversight. Locke was a supporter of constitutionalismâ and ensuring the regular privileges of people. Both of these logicians, being totally different in see from the other, is the great fight that has gone on everlastingly and still exists today; the battle for power and the battle for opportunity. Thomas Hobbes was a gifted and discouraging political rationalist. He had discouragingly low view on values and the regular condition of people. Hobbes accepted that mankind was so mischievous and power stricken that they were thrown out of heaven into the earth. To Hobbes, as communicated in the Leviathan, human instinct depended on physical sensations and desire for power. One of his renowned truisms was, â€Å"life is war of each man against each man.† This is the reason he felt that individuals must be constrained by outright position. The people ought to be advised each decision to make and compelled by one preeminent ruler that holds all force. Hobbes imagined that rulers ought to have boundless force on the grounds that, â€Å"the threats of turmoil are consistently more pr ominent than those of tyranny.† John Locke, known as the safeguard of moderate freedom and lenience, had nearly the specific inverse perspectives as Hobbes. Locke saw individuals in their characteristic state as being animals of generosity and reason. He accepted that people were divine animals put on earth by God to gain from it and make it valuable. Locke composed the Essay Concerning Human Understanding that portrayed the psyche similar to a clear record during childbirth. As an individual develops the advancement of who they become depends on their environmental factors and people around them. Hobbes thought that people are for the most part detestable is reprimanded by Locke saying that individuals are not brought into the world wickedness. Their environmental factors, encounters, and impacts are what create detestable inclinations. Locke additionally composed the Two Treatises of Government. The main depicted his abhorrence of absolutism. With an excess of intensity, he contended that there would be no opportunity for anybody in the state of supreme government. The second treatise he depicted the regular and natural privileges of people. Among them were the common privileges of life, freedom, and property. Those thoughts were utilized since the beginning and in the Declaration of Independence. Another conviction of his was that legislatures exist to ensure freedom and the common condition of individuals not to conquer them. Locke was an exceptionally persuasive thinker who enormously intrigued numerous people in the future with his political philosophical understanding. By and large, the improvement of both outright and parliamentary governments significantly influenced Europe. The fights among France and Englandâ to have a steady government caused confusion all through the two nations. On the off chance that anything, the Europeans learned numerous ways how not to run a nation. The two nations and the advancement of contrasting governments set a model for some different nations. France made a solid outright government for instance for rulers everywhere throughout the world on the most proficient method to have full oversight of individuals. Britain in the long run came around and with the assistance of the individuals made parliamentary government. The idea of constitutionalism was even a model for building the American organization. At present the fight among force opportunity despite everything goes on and will proceed as long as there are individuals like Thomas Hobbes and John Locke who contend for their convictions.

Group Work A Personal Analysis

Question: Talk about the Group Workfora Personal Analysis. Answer: Elements of the Group I worked in a gathering in my organization that can be called as a useful gathering as far as gathering elements. This gathering was made by the association to accomplish some specific objectives inside a particular course of events. Typically, utilitarian gatherings do exist after the achievement of objectives and goals (Levi, 2015). In any case, our utilitarian gathering was approached to enable the client to support office that was overpowered by the grumblings of the customers about another item that the organization propelled. There were 20 individuals in my gathering with a conventional social structure. We as a whole had the shared objective that was to convey extra help to the client care officials of the organization. Data Sharing Process My gathering was attempting to offer extra help to the client assistance division; be that as it may, we did it under a different chief and not straightforwardly under the client assistance office. Inside my gathering, data sharing procedure predominantly included four strategies which are thus referenced beneath. Up close and personal gathering: This technique was considered as the most sheltered and productive strategy for data sharing (Hogg Terry, 2014). In gatherings, all the gathering individuals could without much of a stretch offer their insight and could pose inquiries. Then again, the boss could without much of a stretch pass on his message to all the individuals from the gathering at once through this technique for data sharing. In any case, as we were filling in as isolated gathering, we never found the opportunity to direct gathering with the workers of client assistance division. This, from my perspective was a significant issue with this strategy. Email: E-mail was another procedure that was utilized to share data. At times when it was unrealistic to direct gatherings, our administrator put data in an email and sent it to the gathering individuals (B?l?u Utz, 2016). In any case, this strategy additionally a significant disservice. At the point when the manager was not accessible, we used to mail him to have advices identified with our work. Around then, we needed to hold up until he called or sent an email in light of our inquiries. Discussions: Forums are the more up to date type of data sharing strategy. By and large, discussions are valuable in association that have huge number of representatives and work gatherings (Li, 2014). In any case, for our gathering, the associations built up a discussion where were permitted to impart data in a focal website page to controlled access (Park et al., 2014). We needed to sign into the discussion and afterward we could converse with one another by posting data and question in the gathering. This was an extremely supportive strategy as numerous individuals could perceive any data and could reaction at once. Telephone calls: Conference calls were likewise utilized as an extra technique for sharing data (Park Nam, 2015). Much the same as the up close and personal discussion, it permitted everybody to pose inquiries and find solutions during the call. Then again, another bit of leeway of this technique was that bunch individuals didn't need to introduce in a similar structure or area. Producing Ideas While producing thoughts in the gathering, conceptualizing technique was utilized endlessly. As indicated by Wilson (2013), conceptualizing is for the most part a gathering thought age technique that assists with finding an answer for a particular issue by making various arrangements. There are generally two sorts of conceptualizing techniques, which are singular conceptualizing and gathering conceptualizing. In our gathering, bunch conceptualizing strategy was executed where we could exploit total understanding and innovativeness of all colleagues. Then again, this procedure additionally helped each individual from the gathering to feel that they have added to the arrangement. It additionally assisted the gathering individuals with understanding that others likewise have imaginative plans to offer. This expanded the feeling of regard in the gathering. Positive Behaviors Positive conduct in our gathering was a basic fixing is that assists with setting up a fruitful group. As per Ashkanasy and Dorris (2017), positive conduct that is imparted to other gathering individuals can pull in a more advantageous gathering elements. Some positive practices that were available in my gathering were certain compromise, backing to the companions, undivided attention, commitment of information and dissecting the errands. As all the gathering individuals were attempting to accomplish a shared objective, a feeling of collaboration was there in any case. All the gathering individuals used to help each other in troublesome circumstances. Gathering clashes were there, yet it never hampered the gathering elements as our manager executed fitting compromise aptitudes to deal with and dispose of any negative impacts of gathering struggle. Negative Behaviors Some significant instances of negative practices in a gathering can incorporate blocking thoughts of other gathering part, sitting around of the gathering, neglecting to remain on assignments and unsatisfied execution (Samnani et al., 2014). At first none of these issues hampered the gathering elements. Notwithstanding, later the administration of my association announced that after the consummation of the venture, bunch individuals with better execution would be capable than get extra installments. After this presentation, singular needs turned out to be a higher priority than bunch needs. Gathering individuals who used to help other people in troublesome circumstances halted to do as such. Individuals from the gathering began to improve their individual exhibitions. Some gathering individuals likewise attempted to obstruct the thoughts of the others. In this circumstance, a portion of the gathering individuals became de-persuaded as they began to imagine that they won't get any ext ra installment like others. Those gathering individuals began to show up later than expected in the work environment that hosed the vitality of the gathering. Then again, bunch individuals who imagined that their exhibition is better than other gathering individuals began to disregard bunch procedure and systems. They additionally wouldn't take an interest in some meetings to generate new ideas as they imagined that other gathering individuals would take their thoughts. Plus, they additionally began to overwhelm the other gathering individuals that likewise hampered nature of collaboration in the gathering. In view of these negative practices, at long last, the results of the gathering were not palatable. Some gathering individuals received extra installments, yet in general all the destinations of our gathering was not cultivated. References Ashkanasy, N., Dorris, A. (2017). Feelings in the Workplace.Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior,4(1). B?l?u, N., Utz, S. (2016). Data sharing as key conduct: the job of data show, social inspiration and time pressure.Behaviour Information Technology, 1-17. Hogg, M. A., Terry, D. J. (Eds.). (2014).Social personality forms in hierarchical settings. Brain research Press. Levi, D. (2015).Group elements for groups. Sage Publications. Li, G. (2014). Data sharing and financial exchange investment: Evidence from expanded families.Review of Economics and Statistics,96(1), 151-160. Park, J. H., Gu, B., Leung, A. C. M., Konana, P. (2014). An examination of data sharing and looking for practices in online speculation communities.Computers in Human Behavior,31, 1-12. Park, S., Nam, T. J. (2015). Item embodiment strategy for creating cooperation ideas.International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM),9(2), 97-105. Samnani, A. K., Salamon, S. D., Singh, P. (2014). Negative effect and counterproductive working environment conduct: The directing job of good separation and gender.Journal of business ethics,119(2), 235-244. Venkataramani, V., Labianca, G. J., Grosser, T. (2013). Positive and negative work environment connections, social fulfillment, and authoritative attachment.Journal of applied psychology,98(6), 1028. Wilson, C. (2013).Brainstorming and past: a client focused structure technique. Newnes.

Multi Layered Security Plan free essay sample

Effortlessness of clients passwords can be a significant issue so we have to actualize utilize passwords including at least eight characters, both upper and lower case, and utilization of at any rate one unique character. Passwords should be changed at regular intervals and a similar secret phrase can't be utilized again for one schedule year. In the workstation area, we have to ensure that every one of the workstations, regardless of whether work area or PC, has antivirus and mallard security Installed on them.Laptops are truly powerless for misfortune or burglary, so all organization PCs ought to have a scrambled hard drive so that If they are taken, the information contained on them Is not secured by anybody however the proprietor. For the LANA area, we have to have trailing about email tricks. Most clients know not to get to dubious messages when on our framework yet a brisk instructional class will help. Likewise, including spam channels will help dispose of the greater part of the Junk email, so there is substantially less danger of representatives opening messages containing mallard. We will compose a custom exposition test on Multi Layered Security Plan or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the LANA-to-WAN area, we have to close down the FTP server we have running and switch it over to utilize secure FTP with the goal that solitary clients permitted on our framework can get to our FTP server. In the WAN space, we have to cake sure that we have firewalls set up on our system to channel all approaching traffic. A firewall will stop all traffic hitting on our framework that isn't implied or not needed on the Irishman Investments organize. For the remote access space, we have to ensure the VPN we use Is secure so our representatives are not presenting touchy information to anybody outside of our network.In request to do this we will ensure that everybody utilizing a VPN to get to our system needs to verify to the framework to get approval. For the frameworks/application area, we have to reduce chances for assaults on our servers. This will be finished by making sense of which ports and administrations are not being utilized and stopping access to those ports. This will give programmers less ways onto our framework. Additionally we have to ensure all servers have the most recent patches and updates.These refreshes give the most recent security fixes and keep our servers running at their maximum capacity with less probability of vulnerabilities. Applying all these safety efforts will guarantee an a lot more secure condition, in fact talking. This multi-layered security approach will help keep our system secure and running easily. Expectation Project 1, Multi Layered Security Plan By Correlative Project Part 1: Multi-Layered Security Plan spaces of the IT foundation and increment security on every one of those areas. Expanding the security on every one of those seven areas will build the general work area or PC, has antivirus and mallard assurance introduced on them. Workstations scrambled hard drive so that in the event that they are taken, the information contained on them isn't recuperated by anybody yet the proprietor.

A While vs Awhile

A While versus Awhile A While versus Awhile A While versus Awhile By Ali Hale One of our perusers, Robert, wrote to ask Daily Writing Tips: Heres two or three words I utilize constantly reciprocally. Be that as it may, right? some time versus for some time Help me out, o prophet! Don't sweat it, Robert! This one’s quite simple to get a handle on: Some time is a thing meaning â€Å"a length of time† â€Å"I dozed for a while.† (contrast and â€Å"I dozed for a bit† and â€Å"I dozed for three hours†) â€Å"I was from my work area for a while.† (contrast and â€Å"I was from my work area for two minutes†) For a little while is a qualifier, which means â€Å"for a time,† or actually, â€Å"for a while†. â€Å"I dozed for some time before dinner.† (contrast and â€Å"I dozed profoundly before dinner† and â€Å"I dozed seriously before dinner†.) As should be obvious, the words can be utilized conversely now and again †however some time should be joined by a relational word, for example, â€Å"for† (â€Å"I dozed for a while†) or â€Å"ago† (â€Å"I left work some time ago†). For a little while consistently implies â€Å"for a while†. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words classification, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesThe Difference Between will and shallShore It Up

Criminal Justice Workplace Observation Paper

In any working environment the objective of the organization is to play out all occupation obligations so work capacities might be done likewise. Occupations that are based on the criminal equity framework have a significantly increasingly significant assignment of completing things in light of the fact that simply like some other activity, criminal equity ones have laws to maintain. This paper will talk about the Alabama Department of Human Resources (DHR) and its working environment perceptions. The authority comprises of three levels: upper administration, center administration and lower level administration. Upper administration includes the appointed authority of each case that goes through DHR. The appointed authority is answerable for regulating the case and settling on official conclusions in general about the case. Center administration comprises of the lawyers that are relegated to each case. Lawyers are liable for ensuring the legitimate parts of the case with respect to the youngster are being followed. Lower the executives comprises of the DHR laborers. The DHR laborers are liable for ensuring the government assistance of the kid is to their greatest advantage. Culture is one of the most significant factors in effectively dealing with a criminal equity workforce. It is critical for every one of the above named members to have the option to comprehend the contrasting decent varieties that the courts may experience. It isn't extraordinary for a DHR specialist to have a caseload with various ethnicities and social contrasts. You can peruse also Justice System Position Paper In some cases, those social contrasts may make an individual communicate in an unexpected language in comparison to the specialist, judge, or lawyer knows about. Language boundaries can frequently cause issues with handing-off genuine issues that are going on with a case. On the off chance that both of the above members can easily communicate in various dialects, at that point that helps the court members, however the individuals that are associated with the case by and by. This will eliminate the legitimate issues that could emerge in cases. Talking about legitimate issues, the law is an amazingly genuine issue in DHR. DHR laborers have the regularly overwhelming errand of ensuring they report conduct to the courts about the government assistance of any kid. The appointed authorities need to ensure they are maintaining the law and deciphering it as well as could be expected, and lawyers are worked to practice and exercise the cooperative attitude of the law all as indicated by their states’ resolutions.

How I Spent IAP

How I Spent IAP I have simultaneously done nothing and everything this IAP. After an exciting ten day family vacation in Japan and Hong Kong (highlights include: that time I petted multiple owls, and that time I ate three bowls of ramen in one night), I’ve been spending virtually all of my IAP at home studying for the MCAT, the next great obstacle between me and medical school. The 6+ hour exam was scheduled for Friday, January 22nd, so I spent the three weeks leading up to that date poring over a complete set of Examkrackers MCAT books and various online practice exams. There’s not really much else to say about those dark, dark weeks. When you think about it, the concept of IAP is pretty amazing. It’s an entire month of freedom. No longer are we bound by the 36 credit minimum or other constraints and boundaries set for us as students. Instead, we are given autonomy to make our own decisions regarding the time allocation of our lives. Time is money, and IAP is essentially like being handed a briefcase full of hundred dollar bills every year, no strings attached. Some people choose to spend their windfall on travelling abroad, working an externship, or relaxing at home. There really are no bounds to what you decide to do (although I guess technically you are bounded by the law and also physics and other trifling things like that). From a pre-med perspective, its invaluable in many ways. For me, it was mostly that I had four pristine weeks, neither burdened by the distracting academic load of a semester, nor the lamentable theft of our student-given right to a winter/summer vacation, during which I could study for the MCAT undisturbed. I did some studying over the summer, but decided that ultimately I hadnt devoted enough time and would not be ready for the September test date. So I blocked off IAP for some intensive studying and nothing else. Thankfully, the MCAT concluded last Friday so I’ve had this last week to relax and destress before the spring semester starts. Most of my free time has been spent consuming as much media as I possibly can before I become otherwise occupied with classes and other responsibilities. Sometimes what you really need after a really long stretch of studying, is to sprawl out on the sofa and settle into some good books and movies. 98% of Krystal’s who were polled would recommend this real science true method of relaxation (source: none). At the bottom of this post, I’ve included a starter pack of movies and books that I watched/read this month if you too would like to try Krystal’s Real Science True Method of Relaxation. Of course, some of these movies were awful and not all of the books I read provided the same amount of enjoyment, but I find that it is predominantly the act itself â€" slipping into someone else’s world and experiencing something new and exciting and sometimes meaningful, even just for a little bit â€" that calms me down. Just for fun, I’ve also included a one sentence quote from my brain that either summarizes the plot or contains one of my many offhanded reactions to the book or movie. I’ll try to keep it relatively spoiler free, but I make no promises about run-on sentences or grammatical correctness. Feel free to leave any recommendations, rebuttals, opinions etc. below! Books: The Magicians by Lev Grossman Its as if the Harry Potter series and the Chronicles of Narnia had a baby and people are always saying things to it like, “you have your mother’s nose!” or “you must have gotten your fantasy-world-ruled-by-speaking-animal-gods-that-is-at-one-point-also-ruled-by-a-bunch-of-young-siblings from your father!” The Magician King by Lev Grossman In my favorite book of the series, more shenanigans happen in the fantasy world, but also, half of the book is a jarring account of a girls attempts to learn magic outside of the privileged magical school system. The Magician’s Land by Lev Grossman Wow, trilogies are all the rage these days and also I thought the ending was pretty meh, though there was this one plot point about revenge that was quite satisfying.   The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson The international best seller that has both an extremely boring first chapter and a lot of references to Swedish things that I have never heard of, but which should definitely not stop you from reading the rest of it because its a mystery and a thriller and I totally did not see that ending coming.   Ready Player One by Ernest Cline Exorbitant quantities of 1980s pop culture are wrapped up in a plot driven by a shiny virtual reality game contest with billions of dollars at stake that is inexplicably dominated by teenagers, despite the fact that literally anyone can participate.   Movies (date of release) â€" Director: Sixth Sense (1999) â€" M. Night Shyamalan Bruce Willis has hair! Contact (1997) â€" Robert Zemeckis Despite an arguably faulty use of Occams Razor at a major turning point for the protagonist, the movie ends up being a thought-provoking movie about contact with extraterrestrial beings, plus for some reason Matthew McConaughey is there. What We Do in the Shadows (2014) â€" Jemaine Clement and Taika Waititi Mockumentary about vampire roommates that have just as many problems as regular people roommates. Matilda (1996) â€" Danny DeVito Girl moves things with her brain because her parents neglect her and force her to eat frozen dinners. Ex Machina (2015) â€" Alex Garland Pretty interesting movie about artificial intelligence, the Turing Test, and an ending that didn’t make me want to throw my laptop out the window. Bringing Up Baby (1938) â€" Howard Hawks An archeologist is pestered by Katharine Hepburn and they search for a runaway pet leopard and dinosaur bones. Rope (1948) â€" Alfred Hitchcock Two people murder another person just for the heck of it and then have a party where they serve food on top of the chest containing the body because why not? Panic Room (2002) â€" David Fincher Tiny Kristen Stewart and her mom spend most of the movie in a giant metal box. Badlands (1973) â€" Terrence Malick If you enjoy flat characters, pointless murders, and wide shots of barren plains, you’ll love this movie! The Conversation (1974) â€" Francis Ford Coppola A man who is hired to eavesdrop on a conversation wrestles with his moral conscience, and then at the end sits on the floor and plays the saxophone (this isnt a spoiler, I think). The Martian (2015) â€" Ridley Scott I watched this one in the dollar theater although it actually cost two whole dollars to watch. The Signal (2014) â€" William Eubank Would have been a largely forgettable movie except I managed to guess the plot twist twenty minutes into the movie which I consider a crowning achievement for me, so there’s that. Fargo (1996) â€" Joel and Ethan Coen A movie that is predominantly about Minnesota accents but I guess also technically about a kidnapping gone wrong. The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009) â€" Niels Arden Oplev The Swedish adaption of the above mentioned novel that is three hours long and stays fairly faithful to its source material. The Crying Game (1992) â€" Neil Jordan I only watched this movie because someone on the internet said it had the biggest twist in movie history, except I think that statement is an exaggeration and also I’m not entirely sure what happened in the second half of the movie TBH.

Soft Power Essay - 550 Words

Soft Power (Essay Sample) Content: Soft PowerNameInstitutionDateIntroductionThe ruling of the world has greatly changed due to the current efforts by mot countries to improve n the diplomatic ties among countries. The improvements of the form of world leadership and the expression of power also depend on the final effect that the power form may inflict on the people. Soft power has proved to be one of the most fast growing methods that are being employed by different countries in the acquisition and manipulation of power towards the achievement of global goals for a particular country.Soft power is basically the use of general agreeable terms and internationals standards in order to determine various aspects of power. It is a method that helps to reduce the use of extreme force or payments in order to acquire power. Oft power has become more qualitative than quantitative in the course of its application and adaption by different countries. Currently, soft power does not depend on the amount of influenc e that a country possesses. On the contrary, it entirely depends on the attendance of different measurable factors in order to determine the level of power of a country. This has helped to strike a balance between the known superpowers and other countries (Bloomfield, 2011).However, soft power has also shown unreliable weaknesses for use by some countries. Some countries have found it difficult to meet the means of meeting the factors that help to determine the level of soft power. This has mainly tended to affect the developed countries and other countries that had been initially known to be politically powerful. For instance, most countries in Europe have been overpowered gradually by countries from Asia such as China (Bloomfield, 2011).Counties that have held a proper position in terms of economic strength, politics and international relations such as the United States of America have however been able to retain their powerful positions despite the applications of the soft power principles to determine the state of power of countries. The use of soft power has helped the developing countries to gain a powerful position towards matching other developed countries (Bloomfield, 2011).Globalization is a factor that entirely depends on the state of power of different countries. In order for countries to coordinate in international commitments and work together to achieve a common economic objective, they have to stand on a common ground in terms of power and ...

Dividend And Retention Policies Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3930 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Tata Steel Ltd is the worlds 10th largest steel company and the worlds 2nd most geographically diversified steel producer. The company is a diversified steel producer with major operations in India, Europe and South East Asia. They have manufacturing units in 26 countries and a presence in 50 European and Asian markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dividend And Retention Policies Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The company together with their subsidiaries, engages in the manufacture and sale of steel products in India and internationally. They offer hot and cold rolled coils and sheets, galvanized sheets, tubes, wire rods, construction rebars and bearings. The company also involves in prospecting, discovering, and mining iron ore, coal, ferro alloys, and other minerals; designing and manufacturing plants and equipment for steel, oil and natural gas, energy and power, mining, railways, ports, aviation, and space industries; and agricultural implements. Further, they offers alumina, dolomite, and monolithic refractories, as well as silica refractories for coke ovens and the glass industry; manufactures bricks; sponge iron lumps and fines; and rolls for applications in integrated steel plants, power plants, and government mint, as well as paper, textile, and food processing sectors. Tata Steels operations are grouped under six Strategic Business Units include Bearings Division, Ferro Alloys an d Minerals Division, Agrico Division, Tata Growth Shop (TGS), Tubes Division and Wire Division. They have introduced several branded steel products, including Tata Steelium (the worlds first branded Cold Rolled Steel), Tata Shaktee (Galvanised Corrugated Sheets), Tata Tiscon (rebars), Tata Pipes, Tata Bearings, Tata Structural, Tata Agrico (hand tools and implements) and Tata Wiron (galvanised wire products). Tata Steel Ltd was incorporated in the year 1907 with the name Tata Iron Steel Company Ltd. In the year 1911, the company commenced the operations of the first Blast Furnace or the A Blast Furnace. In December 2, 1911, the fist collieries were obtained and the first cast of pig iron was produced. In they ear 1912, the first ingot of steel rolled out of the Sakchi Plant and in October 1912, the Bar Mills started their commercial production. Also, the B Blast Furnace became operational during the year. In the year 1918, Indias first steel (coke) plant was established in Jamshedp ur. In the year 1925, the New Rail Mill, Merchant Mill and Sheet Mill went into operation. In the year 1931, they opened a apprentice shop. In the year 1941, they started manufacture of special steel for war purpose. They produced a wide variety of special steels required for defense purposes including armoured cars called Tatanagars. In the year 1943, Howrah Bridge was constructed from steel supplied by the company. In the year 1955, the company signed an agreement with Kaiser Engineers for two million tonne expansion programme. In the year 1980, they started the first phase of the four-phased modernisation programme. In the year 1984, the company introduced BOF steelmaking, which could produce liquid steel in forty five minutes when it took the old open hearth furnaces, close to five hundred under the first phase of modernisation. During the year 1984-85, Indian Tubes Company Ltd was amalgamated with the company. The second phase of modernisation was in the year 1988, which concen trated largely on the iron-making area. During the year 1993-94, the company commissioned the Hot Strip Mill with the capacity of one million tonne per annum which was the companys third modernisation programme. In the year 2000, the company inaugurated the 1.2 million tonnes Cold Rolling Mill Complex as a first step towards expansion and modernisation. In January 2, 2004, The Indian Steel Wire Products Company was acquired at Jamshedpur. In June 4, 2005, the company signed an MoU for setting up a five-million tonne per annum Greenfield integrated steel plant in the Jagdalpur district of Chhattisgarh. In July 2005, they formed a joint venture with Blue Scope Steel Ltd, Australia for quoted steel manufacturing facility. In July 21, 2005, the company acquired stakes in the Australian coal mines. In August 2005, the company set up Met coke manufacturing facility in West Bengal. In September 19, 2005, the company signed an MoU with the Government of Jharkhand for setting up a 12-million tonnes per annum Greenfield integrated steel plant in the Manoharpur and Chandil areas of Jharkhand. In December 14, 2005, they signed definite agreement with Cementhai Holding Company to acquire shares and invest equity in the Milennium Steel, Thailand. Also, the name of the company was changed from Tata Iron Steel Company Ltd to Tata Steel Ltd with effect from May 19, 2005. In the year 2006, the company inaugurated Indias first automated Jigging and Hydrocyclone Plant, with a 1.6 MTPA throughput, at Noamundi Iron Mines. They commenced the work on Ferro Chrome Plant by acquiring Rawnet Ferrous Industries Pvt Ltd, in Orissa, a Ferro Alloys plant with a capacity of 50,000 tpa of high carbon chrome. They set up a Joint Venture Company with Larsen and Toubro Ltd for developing an all weather modern deep water port in the state of Orissa on the Eastern Coast of India. Tata NYK Shipping Pte Ltd, a joint venture shipping company between the company and Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha was set up to cater to dry and break bulk cargo and also the shipping activities. In August 7, 2006, the company inaugurated the Roll Forming and Pre-Engineered Building Facilities of Tata Bluescope Ltd at Pune. In April 2, 2007, the company acquired Corus Europes second largest steel producer for consideration of USD 12 Billion, which made Tata Steel the sixth largest steel producer globally and the second-most geographically diversified steel producer in the world. They also entered into an agreement for acquiring controlling equity stake in two rolling mills located in Haiphorg, Vietnam. Also, they signed a joint venture agreement with Riversdale Mining for Mozambique coal project. In December 2007, the company and SODEMI (state owned company for mineral development) entered into joint venture agreement for the development of Mount Nimba Iron ore deposits in Ivory Coast (West Africa). In January 2008, the company and the members of the Al Bahja Group, a leading business house of Oman entered into a Joint Venture Agreement for the development of the Uyun Limestone deposits at Salalah in the Sultanate of Oman. Also, they entered an agreement with Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) to establish a 50:50 joint venture company for coal mining in India. In February 2008, they opened their fourth retail outlet, steeljunction at Behala. During the year 2008-09, the company completed the expansion of crude steel capacity to 6.8 mtpa as part of their expansion programme. Also, they commissioned Sinter Plant No. 4, the H Blast Furnace and the Continuous Caster No. 3 at LD Shop-1 during this expansion phase. In June 16, 2008, the company and their wholly owned subsidiary, Rawmet Ferrous Industries Ltd entered into an agreement with Jasper Industries Pvt Ltd for set up a coal based power plant of 2 X 67.5 MW capacity in Orissa. In September 2008, the company through their subsidiaries signed a Heads of Agreement memorandum with New Millennium Capital Corporation (NML), a Ca nadian listed mining company aiming to develop iron ore projects in Northern Quebec, Labrador and Newfoundland provinces. As part of the restructuring of the overseas holdings, the company transferred their stake in Tata Steel (Thailand) Public Company Ltd to Tata Steel Global Holdings Pte Ltd. The company subscribed 35,88,022 rights shares of Tayo Rolls Ltd and consequently, Tayo Rolls Ltd has become a subsidiary of the Company with effect from December 01, 2008. In October 22, 2009, the company and Mineral and Metal Trading Company Ltd signed an agreement to establish a 74:26 joint venture company for acquiring, development and operation of mines and processing of minerals and metals. During the financial year 2009-10, Hooghly Met Coke and Power Company Ltd was amalgamated with the company with effect from April 1, 2009. The construction of a warehousing shed and a building for a power receiving sub-station had started at one corner of the plant area. They increased the production capacity of Crude Steel from 61,10,000 tonnes to 68,00,000 tonnes, Saleable Steel from 58,40,000 tonnes to 65,00,000 tonnes and Welded Steel Tubes from 2,84,000 tonnes to 2,88,000 tonnes. In October 2009, the company entered into agreement with MMTC Limited, a Central Government undertaking and established a joint venture company for acquiring, developing and operating mines and processing of minerals and metals. In November 2009, they signed a Joint Venture Agreement with NML, to advance the development of the DSO Project. In January 2010, the company entered into an MoU with NMDC Ltd, to explore the possibility of acquisition, exploration and development of mines, extraction and processing of minerals, setting up integrated steel plants and other businesses of mutual interest. In April 6, 2010, the company entered in an MoU with Nippon Steel Corporation (NSC), Japan for setting up a Continuous Annealing and Processing Line at Jamshedpur, India with 0.6 mtpa capacity. In June 2010 , the company subscribed to a private placement of Canadian $20 million by NML pursuant to which Tata Steel Global Minerals Holding Pte Ltd holds a 27.4% stake in NML. In June 2010, the company and Tata Metaliks Ltd entered into an MoU with the Government of Karnataka in June 2010 for setting up an integrated steel plant of 3 mtpa in Agadi and Boodagatti villages of Haveri District, Karnataka. In August 2010, the companys subsidiary Corus UK Ltd and Sahaviriya Steel Industries Public Company Ltd (SSI) signed an MOU which sets out the scope of a potential transaction whereby SSI would acquire from Corus the Teesside Cast Products (TCP) business in a transaction valued at approximately USD 500 million. Tinplate Company of India Ltd became a subsidiary of the company with effect from April 01, 2011, consequent to increase in the companys shareholding in the Tinplate Company of India Ltd from 42.88% to 59.45%. This increase is due to automatic and compulsory conversion of 3% fully conve rtible debentures of Rs 100 each held by the company into equity shares on April 01, 2011. In April 2011, the company and Krosaki Harima Corporation (KHC) signed definitive agreements to induct KHC as a strategic partner in Tata Refractories Ltd (TRL). Under this arrangement, KHC will acquire 51% equity stake out of TSLs current 77.46% stake in TRL. As per the scheme of amalgamation, Centennial Steel Company Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary company was amalgamated with the Company with effect from September 27, 2011. In January 2012, the company secured a contract from Siemens Wind Power to supply 25,000 tones of profiled steel plate for wind towers. Tata Steel will deliver 25,000 tones of profiled plate (cut into the desired shape) between April and September 2012. The company is implementing an expansion project at Jamshedpur Works to increase its crude steel capacity from 6.8 million tonnes per annum to 9.7 million tonnes per annum. The facilities under this project are scheduled t o be completed in FY 2011-12. Simultaneously, the Company is implementing a few other major capital schemes at Jamshedpur which include Coke Plant Battery No. 11, Coke Dry Quenching at Coke Ovens Batteries 5, 6 7 and a new mill for producing Full Hard Cold Rolled (FHCR) coils. The company is also setting up a Continuous Annealing and Processing Line at Jamshedpur with a capacity of 0.6 mtpa under a joint venture company with Nippon Steel Corporation (NSC), Japan. The line will produce automotive cold rolled fl at products and address the needs of Indian automotive customers for highgrade cold rolled steel sheets. The preliminary work on the 6 mtpa greenfield steel plant at Kalinganagar, Odisha is in progress. DIVIDEND AND RETENTION POLICY OF Tata Steel Ltd. The firms dividend decision has in the last ten to fifteen years received considerable attention from financial analysts and academics.Divergent views have been expressed and it is understood that the controversy has not been resolved,although the lack of new authorship on the subject in resent times may lead one to conclude that tha debate is deadlocked. A dividend is a payment made by a company to its shareholders. A company can retain its profit for the purpose of re-investment in the business operations (known as retained earnings), or it can distribute the profit among its shareholders in the form of dividends. A dividend is not regarded as an expenditure; rather, it is considered a distribution of assets among shareholders. The majority of companies keep a component of their profits as retained earnings and distribute the rest as dividend. The different types of dividends include: Special dividend: Normally, public companies declare their dividends on a specific schedule; however, they also have the option to declare a dividend at any time. This type of dividend is referred to as a special dividend. Cash Dividends Firms distribute as cash dividends a certain percentage of annual earnings in payout rates. Ordnance The date of declaration It is the date a resolution to pay cash dividends to stockholders of record on a specific future date is approved by the board of directors. At that date the firm incurs a liability prompting the recognition of a short-term debt-Dividends Payable and the debit to either Retained Earnings or Cash Dividend Declared. The ex-dividend date It is the date the stock stops selling with dividends attached. The period between the date of declaration and the ex-dividend date is used by the firm to update its stockholders ledger. The date of record It is the date at which the stockholders figuring in the stockholders ledger are entitled to the cash dividend. No entry is required. The date of payment It is the date at which the firm distributes the dividend checks and eliminates the dividend payable as a liability. Property Dividends Firms may elect to declare a property dividend that is payable in nonmonetary assets rather than declaring a cash dividend. Because a property dividend can be classified as a non-reciprocal nonmonetary transfer to owners, the property distributed is restated at fair market value at the date of declaration and a gain or loss is recognized. Stock dividend: Given in the form of bonus shares or stocks of the issuing company or a subsidiary company. Normally, they are offered on the basis of a prorata allotment (1) Regular Dividend. By dividend we mean regular dividend paid annually, proposed by the board of directors and approved by the shareholders in general meeting. It is also known as final dividend because it is usually paid after the finalization of accounts. It sis generally paid in cash as a percentage of paid up capital, say 10 % or 15 % of the capital. Sometimes, it is paid per share. No dividend is paid on calls in advance or calls in arrears. The company is, however, authorised to make provisions in the Articles prohibiting the payment of dividend on shares having calls in arrears. (2) Interim Dividend. If Articles so permit, the directors may decide to pay dividend at any time between the two Annual General Meeting before finalizing the accounts. It is generally declared and paid when company has earned heavy profits or abnormal profits during the year and directors which to pay the profits to shareholders. Such payment of dividend in between the two Annual General meetings before finalizing the accounts is called Interim Dividend. No Interim Dividend can be declared or paid unless depreciation for the full year (not proportionately) has been provided for. It is, thus,, an extra dividend paid during the year requiring no need of approval of the Annual General Meeting. It is paid in cash. (3) Stock-Dividend: Companies, not having good cash position, generally pay dividend in the form of shares by capitalizing the profits of current year and of past years. Such shares are issued instead of paying dividend in cash and called Bonus Shares. Basically there is no change in the equity of shareholders. Certain guidelines have been used by the company Law Board in respect of Bonus Shares. (4) Scrip Dividend. Scrip dividends are used when earnings justify a dividend, but the cash position of the company is temporarily weak. So, shareholders are issued shares and debentures of other companies. Such payment of dividend is called Scrip Dividend. Shareholders generally do not like such dividend because the shares or debentures, so paid are worthless for the shareholders as directors would use only such investment is which were not . Such dividend was allowed before passing of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1960, but thereafter this unhealthy practice was stopped. (5) Bond Dividends. In rare instances, dividends are paid in the form of debentures or bounds or notes for a long-term period. The effect of such dividend is the same as that of paying dividend in scrips. The shareholders become the secured creditors is the bonds has a lien on assets(6) Property Dividend. Sometimes, dividend is paid in the form of asset instead of payment of dividend in cash. The distribution of dividend is made whenever the asset is no longer required in the business such as investment or stock of finished good sods. But, it is, however, important to note that in India, distribution of dividend is permissible in the form of cash or bonus shares only. Distribution of dividend in any other form is not allowed. Factors affecting divided decision or determinants of divided decision The financial management has to take a decision regarding the distribution of dividend. These are two possible ways of dealing with the distribution of profit. The profit should either be retained in the business or distributed to the shareholders. Retained profit plays an important role in the future growth and expansion of the enterprise, because these are internal sources of financing and do not involve floatation costs and legal formalities. As such the company will adopt the policy of residual or passive (lesser) distribution, so far it can profitably invest its retained earnings as a source of internal financing. The term residual distribution here means the declaration of dividend out of the profit remaining left after internal financing of the company. The dividend may be declared as higher rates if the intention of the company is to increase the value of shares. The dividend decision is also affected by the preference of shareholders. Let us now discuss the factors determining divided decisions: (1)Financial requirement of the company: If the company has profitable investment opportunities in the enterprise itself it will declare divided at lower rates. Meeting long-term financial requirement out of its own resources is always in the interest of the company, because it is cheaper due to absence of floatation costs and legal formalities. Higher divided will declared by the companies having few long-term investment opportunities. (2)Availability of funds: The liquidity of a company or availability of cash resources is prime consideration in divided decision. The greater the liquidity of a company, the greater is its ability to pay dividend. The liquidity of the company is strongly influenced by the firms investment and financing decisions. The investment decision determines the rate of asset expansion and the firms need for funds and the financing decision determines the way in which this need will be financed. (3)Stability of dividends: It is always in the interest of the company, investors and shareholders to follow the policy of stable dividend, because it resolves the uncertainty in the mind of investors and satisfies their for current income. Financial institution also like companies, declaring dividend regularly at stable rates. No company would like to ignore investment by financial institutions. In these circumstances the company may adopt one of the three following policies: A.Constant dividend per share or constant dividend rate:- According to this policy dividend is declared at constant rate every year. The rate may be increased if new level of profit is earned. B.Constant pay out ratio:- Dividend at fixed percentage of earning is paid every year. As earnings go on fluctuating every year, so the dividend also fluctuates. C.Constant dividend per share plus extra dividend :-Under the policy, minimum dividend per share is fixed. In case of extra earnings, extra dividend may be declared. Investors are kept satisfied with the supplementary dividend. Extra dividend may be taken as interior (4)Preferences of shareholders:- Shareholders are owners of the company, so their preferences must be given due consideration. Small, retired and salaried people prefer regular income. They are interested in stable and regular dividend. Wealthy investors are interested in capital gain. They are prepared to forego their current income over the expected higher income. (5)Capital market consideration:- Companies can raise their additional funds either by issue of shares or by retaining their profit. If the capital market is favorable the company will raise funds by issue of shares and declare dividends at higher rates. In case the capital market is unfavorable, the company will go in for retained earnings and declare dividends at lower rates. (6)Legal restrictions:- The companies act has laid down certain restrictions regarding payment of dividend. The company can use its current profits or past profits after providing for depreciation for the payment of dividend. The company cannot pay dividend out of its paid up capital. Company will have to satisfy itself, whether it has sufficient cash to make payment of dividends. The company is future required to make payment of interest before dividends are paid. (7)Information value:- The company should be aware of the possible impact of dividend decision on valuation of its shares. Most companies look at the dividend pay out ratios of other companies in the industry, particularly those having about the same growth. Investors expectation also plays an important role in dividend decision. If investors expectation is for high dividend pay out then company should take that into account while making a dividend decision. On the other hand, if investor expects a high market value of shares then company may decide for low dividend payout for future expansion plans. (8)Borrowing capability:- The borrowing capability of a firm affects dividend decision in the sense that high dividend payout is possible with greater borrowing capability and vice-versa. This ability to borrow can be in the form of credit or a revolving credit from the bank or simply the informal willingness of a financial institution to extend credit. The large and more established a company; the better is its access to capital markets. Issue for bonus shares:- Sometimes the company can also issue bonus shares, known as stock dividend in place of making payment of dividend in cash, It increases the number of shares and the capital base of the company, it keeps investors happy, The issues of bonus shares is an integral part of dividend policy. Dividend s Declared Announcement Date Effective Date Dividend Type Dividend (%) Remarks 18/05/2012 16/07/2012 Final 120% 26/05/2011 04/07/2011 Final 120% 27/05/2010 12/07/2010 Final 80% 25/06/2009 06/07/2009 Final 160% 26/06/2008 18/07/2008 Final 160% AGM 17/05/2007 08/06/2007 Final 155% 155% Dividend ( 130% for the year 2006-07 and special dividend of 25% on occasion of the Cenetenary year of the company.) 15/05/2006 26/05/2006 Final 130% AGM 19/05/2005 07/06/2005 Final 130% AGM 07/05/2004 08/06/2004 Final 100% AGM 08/05/2003 09/06/2003 Final 80% AGM 30/05/2002 28/06/2002 Final N.A.% Nil Final Dividend 02/04/2002 28/05/2002 Interim 40% 08/05/2001 Final 50% AGM 23/03/2000 Interim 40% 20/05/1999 Final 40% AGM Dividend 22/05/1998 Final 40% 23/05/1997 Final 45% Dividend Declared Dividend which was given to shareholder of Tata Steel Ltd. Directors have recommended a dividend of Rs. 7/- per Equity Share (last year Rs. 13/- per Equity Share on pre bonus share capital) for the financial year ended March 31, 2010, amounting to Rs. 2,430 crore (inclusive of tax of Rs. 346 crore) one of the highest ever payout by any private sector domestic company. The dividend will be paid to members whose names appear in the Register of Members as on May 11, 2010; in respect of shares held in dematerialised form, it will be paid to members whose names are furnished by National Securities Depository Limited and Central Depository Services (India) Limited as beneficial owners. The dividend payout for the year under review has been formulated in accordance with the Companys policy to pay sustainable dividend linked to long term performance, keeping in view the Companys need for capital for its growth plans and the intent to finance such plans through internal accruals to the maximum. Bonus share paid to Tata Steel Ltd. Announcement Date Bonus Ratio Record Date Ex-Bonus Date 07/06/2004 1 : 2 12/08/2004 11/08/2004 11/09/1987 2 : 5 11/09/1981 2 : 5 11/09/1967 2 : 5 11/09/1959 1 : 5 11/09/1954 1 : 1

White Bed, White Walls, All Surfaces Are Padded - 1462 Words

White bed, white walls, all surfaces are padded. I am patient 133 of the Genevieve Oaks Asylum for the Insane. I sit up. I can hear the rain coming down outside. First the pitter patter of small drops hitting the ground, but soon the pouring of water from the roof splashes down, as the intensity of the rain increases. Through the dark I can see my cellmate staring at me with a blank expression. His name is Amon and I’ve known him all my life, even before I was a patient in this asylum. He’s unusually tall, thin, with black hair and very quiet. He is my only friend in this world. I can’t sleep. Every I toss and I turn and the rare moments when I can drift off, I always wake to something . I can hear it, a faint screaming coming from deep beneath the floor. But maybe it s just my imagination. Just the sound of the wind blowing through the trees. I hope. But the next night, a night the same as the others, I hear the same sound. I Turned to Amon who never seems to sleep and spoke about it. â€Å"just the wind† He reassured me, but deep down I have a feeling that s not it. Morning came, we go through the motions of the day: Mealtime, showertime, freetime. During free time we’re permitted to walk freely in an open room. The doctors often come by during this time to ask questions. Questions about how we’re doing, our mental conditions etc. They observe and analyse us as if we’re lab specimens. With plastic smiles and false friendliness, they talk at us.Show MoreRelatedWhite Bed, White Walls, All Surfaces Are Padded1462 Words   |  6 PagesWhite bed, white walls, all surfaces are padded. I am patient 133 of the Genevieve Oaks Asylum for the Insane. I sit up. I can hear the rain coming down outside. First the pitter patter of small drops hitting the ground, but soon the pouring of water from the roof splashes down, as the intensity of the rain increases. 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Analysis Of Michel Foucault s The Of The Docile Women

Though Bartkey’s argument demonstrates logic and cohesive arguments, she fails to impress readers with her solution to end the legacy of the docile women. Sandra Bartkey commences her argument with an introduction to Michel Foucault. She explains how Foucault demonstrates the presence of self-policing in society through the usage of the Panopticon. The Panopticon is a prison where there stands one central guard tower and rows of prison cells surrounding the tower. Sunlight shines into the cells creating a clear view for the guards that enables them to perceive everything that occurs in these cells. Though the scarcity of guards limits the amount of prisoners that can be viewed at one time, the prisoners feel watched at all times.†¦show more content†¦Hence, even though a liberatory note is sounded in Foucault’s critique of power, his analysis, as a whole reproduces that sexism which is endemic throughout Western political.† (169). In summary, women remain considerably further prone to self-policing themselves to become the docile woman – a standard in society today. The first way women police themselves happens through media, diet and exercise. Bartkey defines the standard for women’s figures today, by saying â€Å"The current body of fashion is taunt, small breasted, narrow-hipped, and of a slimness bordering on emancipation; it is a silhouette that seems more appropriate to an adolescent boy or a newly pubescent girl than to an adult woman. Since ordinary women have normally quite different dimensions, they must of course diet† (170). The author states that due to many women not fitting this model-like image, they are forced to diet and exercise. The exercises that women partake in are designed to slim the body down in certain areas – the hips, thighs, etc. – to ensure they fit this body standard, therefore policing themselves to fit society’s standards. The second way women police themselves happens through body and facial constriction. Women sit with their legs crossed, their arms in their lap and hunched over, while men are known to sit with their legs widely spread out. The women’s smaller posture only builds on the idea that they are meant to be

Organizational Culture And Its Effect On Individual...

Introduction Leadership behaviors, office politics, team building, and effective meeting strategies, as discussed in the previous are components that allude to one large apparatus of organizations—organizational culture. Organizational culture provides guidelines for which leaders are inspired, for how colleagues act toward one another, for how teams are built, and for how visions are achieved. As a result, it is vital to not only understand the previously described components of culture, but culture as a construct; culture as a whole. The culture of an organization be so important as to reflect the intentions and direction that an organization is heading. Weak, toxic cultures could be the ruin of any organization. In order to change culture, it is especially vital to grasp the nuances of its effect on individual perception of authority, behavior, and learning. 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The textbook defines organizational behavior as, â€Å"the field of study devoted to understanding, explaining and ultimately improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations† (Colquitt, LePine Wesson, 2013). In attempt to further define, three subjects from an automotive manufacturing environmentRead MoreStudy Of Organizational Behavior ( Ob )3108 Words   |  13 PagesSTUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR INTRODUCTION The study of Organizational Behavior (OB) is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predictability of a manager about the expected behavior of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behavior. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivityRead MoreJob Involvement Is A Core Component Of Someone s Contentment With Life1149 Words   |  5 Pagesattitude towards an organization is the job involvement. It is the extent to which employees identify with their job, become active in it, and take it as a core of their self-worth (Steers, 1981). Job involvement contributes to employees having the perception of self-worth. It also increases the desire of employees to be physically and psychologically being in their work to forestall for promising job outcomes. According to Rabinovitz and Hall (1977), job involvement is a core component of someone’sRead MoreUsing Practical Examples Suggest and Explain Alternative Strategies That Can Be Employed to Mitigate Effects of Factors That Affect Individual Behaviour and Performance1858 Words   |  8 Pagesmitigate effects of factors that affect individual behaviour and performance.† Date: 17 February 2012 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Master of Commerce Degree in Strategic Management and Corporate Governance Part 1.1â€Æ' Introduction Organizations are composed of individuals and each individual is different from the other. And also the behavior and performance of each individual is influenced by several different factors. Every individual has Particular motives, ambitions, perceptions, andRead MoreThe Leadership Theory And Practice1170 Words   |  5 Pagesfatal shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer on August 9, 2014, in Ferguson, Missouri. The purpose of this paper identified trait theories, leadership theories and characteristics that have molded or are molding the policing culture. Change must occur if the culture of police organizations are going to meet the demands of the 21st century and several issues affecting this change were discussed. A review of the leadership theories and various styles of leadership was seen as being the styles

High School and Advance Placement Classes Free Essays

Ever since I can remember, my ambitions were to make this world a better place by solving crimes and putting criminals behind bars. I am truly motivated to contribute to this patriotic country. I will risk my life for it if that is what it takes. We will write a custom essay sample on High School and Advance Placement Classes or any similar topic only for you Order Now My commitment, dedication and effort in my academic and extra-curricular activities will help guide me into my lifetime goals of becoming a criminal psychology, and getting a degree combined with law and psychology. High schools provide students with the chance to prepare for the real world and I refuse not to take advantage of it. For example, the activities that are fostering me into my future are extra-activities and core courses. Drill team has given me the power to adequately deal with the demands and challenges of daily life. All that was expected of me I excelled in. Being a member has helped me flourish into a mature individual. Throughout all of the experiences on drill team, I have developed leadership and social skills that are beneficial in majoring in criminal justice. My director pushed me to the limit to help me grow in the same way they would in criminal justice. In any career they want to excel in. I was able to stay committed and not give up during all those stressful times. Therefore, proving I am ready for what college has in stores for me no matter how hard it gets. In dance, it has helped me become fit from having to dance year round. In most careers in criminal justice it is required that you pass timed test for physical activities. In dance I discovered how passionate I feel about working out. Taking psychology and sociology, will aid me in my lifetime goals because those classes are required in my career path. In completing these courses during high school, it will be a big advantage in helping me to comprehend them in college. I will have prior knowledge. When taking that class in college, I will be prepared for it and I also could take my notes from high school to refer to. It helps me with criminal profiling and provides strategies and suggestions that can be used in the interviewing process of finding the killer or kidnapper. I have been taking Pre-Advance placement and Advance Placement classes since freshman year. Taking advanced placement classes by far has really helped me  get a better understanding of what to expect from college courses. My teachers act like professors therefore I know that professors will treat me like an adult. My instructors teach the way university instructors would and I am still able to obtain exceptional grades in my classes. Advance placement classes boosted my grade point average therefore it will help me get into a wonderful college of my choice. In high school, I am dedicated towards my long time goals. I want to say I was someone in life. I have learned how to balance a job, extra-curricular activities, and my academic performance. These skills will guide me tremendously in my long term goals. My ambitions are to keep this world a safer place. Even if it means not having fun and focusing on my future I am driven enough to do it. If I want to be successful and get a good education and career I must have determination, encouragement, and fulfillment. Success is finding your way to reach your goals in life. It is a journey which has several peaks that build on one another. It comes from within while realizing what my own strengths and weaknesses are to determine my accomplishments. In high school I am given this opportunity that will help me with any barrier in life. I want to be my children`s role model one day. I want to be someone they can look up to and I am willing to work for it. How to cite High School and Advance Placement Classes, Papers

The Importance of Management Research-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Disucss about the role of Phenomenological Research Methodology in Management Research. Answer: The importance of management research in todays world cannot be overemphasized. While there are many companies which intend to expand itself in new, foreign markets, there are some companies that wish to measure employee satisfaction level in order to increase employee engagement and reduce the problem of staff turnover. In order to carry out management research, different companies adopt different research methods, depending on the needs or the circumstances and the research paradigm or philosophy also differs according to the research methods. One of the most widely used and popular qualitative research methods is the Phenomenological research philosophy, that is often used in sharp contrast with the more scientific method of research- the Positivist research philosophy. The Phenomenological research method believes in evaluating and gaining an insight into the subjective experience of the respondents, in order to develop an understanding of the research problem at hand (Thines 201 5). It would be interesting to note how the Phenomenological research method helps in effective management research. Before discovering and analysing the effectiveness of the Phenomenological research in management research, it is important to define it. Phenomenological research method is a research method which intends to explore and analyse the lived experience of a phenomenon. The focus is not just on the information revealed through a survey, but rather on unfolding the meaning of the experience, as lived by the respondent. Thus, the chief advantage of the Phenomenological research is that it intends to gain an insight into the perspective, thoughts and ideas belonging to the respondent, and the in-depth study of the respondents perspectives helps in understanding his perspectives. This can be illustrated with an example. An organization may be willing to explore the impact of recent change in leadership style on employee motivation. A simple survey, asking the employees to rate their satisfaction in a scale of 1 to 5, or merely quantifying their experience will not help in understanding which aspect of the present leadership style do the employee exactly wish to resist. Herein lays the importance of the Phenomenological research method, that employs the use of in-depth interviews with the employees, and initiate insightful discussion on the topic. This will help in comprehending the perspectives of the concerned employees, as to why they are unable to espouse the present leadership style. The chief benefit of the Phenomenological research is that it helps in framing qualitative questions that are more descriptive and ask for explanatory answers from the respondents (Cronin and Armour 2017). By gaining insight into the personal experiences and individual feelings of the respondents, it becomes easier to understand the organizational problem in a better way, and to seek recommendations accordingly. The absoluteness of conscious existence is being studied and thoroughly examined in case of Phenomenological research method, and hence there is better scope of understanding t he stakeholder perspectives than making random assumptions based on unclear, pithy survey responses (Macgregor and Waterfield 2017). In case of Phenomenological research method, the researcher can easily arrange an interview for gathering the participants' descriptions of their experience, and even the participants' written or oral self-report, and observe their behaviour, attitude and aesthetic expressions, to study their perspectives (Marshall and Rossman 2014). The stream of consciousness of the respondent can be explored with the help of this form of research. For example, an organization may be willing to explore how far a pay rise will help in enhancing employee engagement at workplace (Creswell and Poth 2017). For that reason, if the organization chooses to conduct a survey, the respondents here would be only able to answer this question with a mere yes or no, and their responses will remain limited to the scope of the question. However, on the other hand, it should be noted that by employing the use of Phenomenological research method, it is possible for an organization to ask its participants ( the employ ees) to describe their lived experiences as well. Thus, it would be possible for the company to understand why some employees consider pay rise to be a great source of motivation, while why others refuse to attach importance to it, and how is the pay rise expected to affect their performance rate at organization (Moustakas 1994). The Phenomenological research method helps the researcher to encourage its participants to give a full description of their experiences, to more fully describe the experiences in which the experience occurred, to explain the context and he reason behind their feelings and opinions and to offer suggestions, if any, as well. Thus, it becomes clearly evident that the prospects of Phenomenological research are infinite for organizational research. One of the most important benefits of the Phenomenological research is that it helps in making a qualitative inquiry into the situation, and make assumptions based on perspectives that can be generalized to a consider able extent (Robinson et al. 2014). Usually, the management research projects intend to discover the experiences of the stakeholders, to comprehend their perspectives, and not their opinions. Considering this situation, surveys which offer only brief ideas about their experiences and needs, can never be effective for conducting organizational research. For example, if an organization wishes to understand why it has been experiencing a high staff turnover rate lately, it should try to gain insight into the experience of the workers, rather than asking them to fill up a questionnaire which will only comprise of brief responses, in the form of yes and no, followed by a short explanation. On the other hand, the use of case study would be equally futile as it would never be able to provide data that can be said to be representative of the perspectives and view points of the target audience(Aburge 2017). While conducting any research, veracity of the data collected is highly important, and yet in case of various management research projects, the managers or even the employees fail to offer objective responses while being asked to respond to the survey questions, and this ends u p distorting the research findings. For example, the manager of any organization may never be willing to disclose that the organization does not have very effective work-life balance policies, and may keep on rating the survey questions as per his convenience (Tuohy et al. 2013). However, on the other hand, in case of Phenomenological research, the respondents are invariably required to explain each response and back them up with strong logic as to why do they feel so. Here, a simple yes or no response does not work and hence the managers will be forced to explain every word they say, and the descriptive quality of the responses helps in increasing the veracity of the facts disclosed, making the finding a far more reliable one (Mancuso and Tonelli 2014). At the same time, as already previously stated, this also helps in gaining insight into a matter, thereby offering the most feasible solution to the management problem. To conclude, it can be stated that the above discussion clearly establishes the fact that Phenomenological research study helps in making a study far more authentic, reliable and explanatory than normally any other research would do. An organization may wish to conduct research on multiple management research problems- gauging employee motivation, understanding reasons behind the loss of customer loyalty, finding out the reasons behind loss of employee turnover rates as well as loss of employee retention. In each of the above situations, the organization will require to understand the essence of the phenomenon underlying the customers choice of buying or not buying products from a company, or the willingness of the employees to work in a company. The very reason why the Phenomenological research technique is the best one is that it involves trying to understand the essence of a phenomenon by simply examining the views and perspectives of the people who have experienced that phenomeno n. Reference List: Abugre, J.B., 2017. A phenomenological study of time concept and management and productivity in a subSaharan African context.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, p.1470595817704005. Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2017.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Cronin, C. and Armour, K.M., 2017. Beingin the coaching world: new insights on youth performance coaching from an interpretative phenomenological approach.Sport, Education and Society,22(8), pp.919-931. Macgregor, C. and Waterfield, J., 2017. Service evaluation of an acceptance-based pain management programme using a phenomenological approach.Pain and Rehabilitation-the Journal of Physiotherapy Pain Association,2017(42), pp.7-14. Mancuso, M.S. and Tonelli, M., 2014. The phenomenological approach: a framework to design markets. Sage publications Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B., 2014.Designing qualitative research. Sage publications. Moustakas, C., 1994.Phenomenological research methods. Sage. Robinson, R.N., Solnet, D.J. and Breakey, N., 2014. A phenomenological approach to hospitality management research: Chefs occupational commitment.International Journal of Hospitality Management,43, pp.65-75. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Thines, G., 2015. Phenomenology and the science of behaviour: An historical and epistemological approach. Tuohy, D., Cooney, A., Dowling, M., Murphy, K. and Sixsmith, J., 2013. An overview of interpretive phenomenology as a research methodology.Nurse Researcher,20(6), pp.17-20.

Why learn a 2nd language Essay Example For Students

Why learn a 2nd language Essay Learning a Foreign Language: How important Is It for Kentuckys Future Citizens?In my opinion the state of Kentucky has had a good way of making laws to ensure the development of their kids future. The law requiring high school students to take a foreign language in order to graduate and go to college is a good idea. Even in college, you are required to take a foreign language and if you had already taken one, you can opt to take a test that shows what youve learned. If you pass you are not required to take a foreign language. In our day and time there are many over seas relations and that involves different cultures which usually speak a different language other than English. We will write a custom essay on Why learn a 2nd language specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Almost anywhere you go you may usually hear someone speaking a foreign language. As many people may speak English they may also speak another language much better, and if they have to learn our language Im thinking it may just be fair to at least know a bit of their language. Also in the business world a lot of companys do a lot of trading with other countrys that have a main language of their own. My main argument that is a little against the law is that if the state is going to enforce this upon students then the teachers should at least know what their teaching and that they know how to teach it. In my past experiences and from what I have heard my friends and others say, they have had foreign language teachers that dont know what their doing and what to teach. Some teachers i have had have been teaching a language but were teaching it wrong and didnt know the language or what they were even doing. That just killed me. I took french for three years prior to entering high school and i failed for 2 years because the teacher wasnt teaching it and I didnt know what I was doing and because of this I am repeating french one my freshman year of high school. As long as the schools hire teachers that actually know what they are doing and can guarantee that they know the language well enough to teach it, I have no problem taking a language in high school. In my case its a graduation requirement and I have to have at least two full years of a language. I believe as long as I have a teacher who knows what they are doing and is teaching me correctly I.ll be fine and will be able to pass the class.Bibliography:

Examples of Research Papers on Syria for Dummies

Examples of Research Papers on Syria for Dummies Because written assignments form the foundation for almost all sorts of performance assessments in college, their importance cannot be overstated. Not all sources are made equal. It has lots of cool information regarding a lot of cool topics. Note there is no comma between the 2 parts of information. The Examples of Research Papers on Syria Cover Up Europe doesn't always welcome immigrants. Another concern of several countries involved is that lots of the Syrian refugees might not be Syrian refugees in any respect, or at least may not be representing themselves truthfully. At the moment, every country has to decide on the number of refugees it's ready to accept. As a consequence the countries like the UK have increased the range of refugees they are prepared to accept. Where to Find Examples of Research Papers on Syria Syria's Civil War is merely the latest example that's discussed inthis sample essay. The reader should be careful of what he or she'll learn about in the paper the writer has produced. It's still important to get a thesis so the reader is aware of what the paper will be about. The Hidden Truth About Examples of Research Papers on Syria What you have to know more about the crisis in Syria.Refinery29. Both Russia and Iran try to balance the unstable geopolitical situation in and about Syria. Syria has been a nation that's been at the focus of the majority of the Middle Eastern politics recently. Syria and Egypt could not discover a compromise. The Pain of Examples of Research Papers on Syria A slippery slope arises in the event that you start to ask these questions. Whether you're in need of obtaining an automobile registration or you want a license to open a little shop, a very simple payment will surely allow you to get what you desire. Since an intervention of some sort seems to be imminent, it's likely only a matter of time before sweeping changes are produced in Syria. Yo u've got a hotel receipt, plane tickets, and video evidence he was nowhere close to the area at the right time of the crime. There's a significant humanitarian crisis happening there, and there does not seem to be any simple end to the conflict in sight. That makes the government not just a threat to its own individuals, but to the remainder of the world. The president indicates no indicators of helping the individuals, and continues to fight for what he thinks is correct, disregarding the present condition of the nation. Arab nation proved that it's worth having its own place on earth regardless of discrepancy of view points. The protection of several innocent lives remains the greatest objective. A number of the children are separated from their parents. Keep reading to learn! Use the resources within this post to aid you in finding the most credible and useful sources, and you'll be on your way to writing an awesome paper. As you can't be sure the info is accurate, it's ideal to avoid Wikipedia. You could fall prey to this too, and compose a research paper utilizing incorrect details. Looking for full text articles means you will have the ability to read the whole article immediately. At the right time of this writing, a last decision in regard to what to do about Syria hasn't been made. All You Need to learn About the Syrian Civil War. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Examples of Research Papers on Syria Is Wrong Whether there are more chemicals used, countries may find they will need to concentrate on more drastic measures in order to prevent the damage happening in Syria. There ar e several new sticking points for both nations. While there probably won't be an effort to remove al-Assad from power, it's hard to say what could occur in the future. If the goal of the program is to offer electricity, it's valid reason that could propel the current political regime back to victory come next calendar year.

How to Write a College Essay

How to Write a College EssayAll students should learn the proper college essay format, a method of writing that is used for nearly all college assignments. This type of format is called the double-spaced format. Many times, when it comes to college essays, students tend to just write about themselves and this does not work well in the long run.Students should also learn the double spacing for the first sentence. This will ensure that the reader reads your first sentence first and so it makes sense. Double spacing is a rule that is learned in the beginning of most college essays and should be a skill that students learn early on before they start writing college essays.The essay should be a reflection of the subject matter in the college essay and this is done with a mixture of writing style and facts. Students should always remember that they are writing for an audience and they do not have to read everything you say. Students should be creative but factual at the same time. Students should also learn to keep their paragraphs neat and tidy so that they do not clutter the paper.Students can learn the proper college essay format by going to a class that teaches the format or by buying books and studying it in a classroom setting. These methods will allow students to know the proper format of a college essay and they will feel more comfortable when writing a college essay.Some students find it a good idea to draw up a college essay on the computer using a software program that is notepad. The software allows the student to format the words according to the rules of the essay and it will help them remember the format. Another way for students to learn the proper college essay format is to go to a class or online program and talk to the professor and ask for help with writing the proper college essay.Students should always know the format of a college essay and they should look into resources for learning the format for a college essay. Many times, the first sentenc e will go along with the format and the rest of the content of the essay will follow suit. The format of a college essay will help students understand how to format a paragraph and this is something that students should get used to.Students should look into a book that has several formats for college essays and use the one that best suits the student. If a student is confused about the format for a college essay then he or she should ask the professor. This will allow the student to learn the proper college essay format and he or she will be able to use the format in all of his or her essays.Students should also learn about the proper college essay format so that they will know what the proper way to format a paragraph is. This will allow the student to write in a professional manner and this is important when students are writing a college essay. Students should be able to write a college essay in a good manner and this will allow them to be successful with their essay.